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LTE – Basics

LTE – Basics. What is LTE ?.

leah-buckley
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LTE – Basics

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  1. LTE – Basics

  2. What is LTE ? • 3GPP Long Term Evolution, referred to as LTE and marketed as 4G LTE, is a standard for wireless communication of high-speed data for mobile phones and data terminals. It is based on the GSM/EDGE and UMTS/HSPA network technologies, increasing the capacity and speed using new modulation techniques. In Nov. 2004, 3GPP began a project to define the long-term evolution (LTE) of Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) cellular technology • Higher performance • Backwards compatible • Wide application

  3. LTE – Key factors • LTE • High Data Rates • > 100 Mbps – Downlink • > 50 Mbps – Uplink • Channel Setup < 100 ms • Why ? • Mobile Broadband Tendency • Customers need for more Spectral Efficience platform for Mobile data communicattion. ( Cost of Bits / Hz) • Efficient – Reducing OPEX & CAPEX • Easy to deploy (self configuring/optimizing) • TDD / FDD & Spectrum Flexibility • New Services (IPTV & Games in Real Time) • High Performance for Broadcast Services • Wide Range of Terminals • Increase Service Provisioning

  4. Evolution of Radio Access Technologies • LTE (3.9G) : 3GPP release 8~9 • LTE-Advanced :3GPP release 10+ 802.16m 802.16d/e

  5. Towards LTE

  6. 7 000 6 000 5 000 4 000 3 000 2 000 1 000 0 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Other CDMA Mobile WiMAX GSM/GPRS/EDGE WCDMA HSPA LTE Mobile broadband speed evolution Reported Subscriptions (million) LTE Evolution LTE HSPA Evolution HSPA 3G- R’99 Target 1 Gbps Peak rate 384 kbps 3.6 Mbps 7/14 Mbps 21/28/42 Mbps ~150 Mbps 2013 2002 2005 2007 2008/2009 2009

  7. LTE – Terminals • Examples of Terminals that to be available for LTE

  8. LTE – Roadmap

  9. LTE – Evolution

  10. LTE – Smooth Migration

  11. LTE – Long Term EvolutionArchiteture

  12. LTE (Long Term Evolution) • Radio Side (LTE – Long Term Evolution) • Improvements in spectral efficiency, user throughput, latency • Simplification of the radio network • Efficient support of packet based services • Network Side (SAE – System Architecture Evolution) • Improvement in latency, capacity, throughput • Simplification of the core network • Optimization for IP traffic and services • Simplified support and handover to non-3GPP access technologies

  13. Evolution Path Architecture • The pay load is to be directed to a tunnel (eUTRAN) • Payload goes directly from the evolved node B to the Gateway • Control plane is directed at the Mobility management end. LTE

  14. WCDMA (HSPA) x LTE – Access Network WCDMA System Architeture LTE System Architeture RAN

  15. MME/GW S1-C S1-C S1-C X2 X2 eNode B eNode B eNode B eUTRAN (LTE) interfacesLogical view Evolved Packet Core Evolved UTRAN

  16. LTE – eNodeB • LTE eNodeB • Coding, Interleaving, modulation & typical layer functions. • ARQ, Header Compression & layer functions • Security Functions (Ciphering / Integrity Protection ) • eNodeB take decisions about Handover & scheduling for uplink and downlink. • Radio Resources Control functions • Connected to the Core Network with S1 Interface (similar as Iu) • X2 is similar to Iur Interface, mainly used to support the Active Mode Mobility.

  17. LTE – Long Term EvolutionCore Network

  18. WCDMA (HSPA) x LTE – Core LTE - SAE System Architeture Evolution WCDMA System Architeture

  19. WCDMA LTE - Core • LTE Core • Introduction of EPC – Evolved Packet Core • SAE just covers Packet Switched Domain • HSS is the same as HLR in GSM/WCDMA network • HSS uses the S6 interface • eNodeB is connected to the EPC by S1 Interface • EPC acts as anchor in the SAE Core Network for mobility • Charging • Management of Subscriber • Mobility Management ( roaming ) • QOS Handling • Policy Control of Data Flows • Interconection with External Networks

  20. SAE: System Architecture Evolution SAPC IP networks HSS/HLR S7 PCRF ”WSM module” S7c S7b S9 Wx* S7a HSS AAA PDN Gateway (PDN GW): The PDN Gateway is the node that terminates the SGi interface towards the PDN Wm* HLR S6a SGi S2a Gr S6c PDN GW S2b SGSN/MME SAE GW S5/S8 S4 S2c The Serving Gateway is the node that terminates the interface towards LTE RAN Serv GW S11 S103 SGSN MME S3 S101/102 S10 ePDG Wn* Gb S12 Iu-C Wn* S1-U S1-C Wa* Ta* Mobility Management Entity (MME): The MME manages mobility, UE identities and security parameters Non-3GPP Trusted Eg cdma Non-3GPP Non-trusted 3G LTE 2G

  21. SAE CN Architecture SGi SAE GW S4 S11 S3 SGSN MME S10 S1-U S1-MME eNodeB X2 MME Functionality • Roaming (S6a towards home HSS) • Authentication • SAE GW selection • Idle mode mobility handling • Tracking Area Update • Paging • Mobility handling of • inter-MME (pool) handover (triggered by eNodeB) • inter-RAT handover (triggered by eNodeB) • QoS “negotiation” with UE and eNodeB • Security • Ciphering and integrity protection of NAS signalling • Secure control signalling transport on S1 interface (unless taken care of by a SEG (Security Gateway)) • O&M security (?)

  22. SAE CN Architecture SGi SAE GW S4 S11 S3 SGSN MME S10 S1-U S1-MME eNodeB X2 SAE GW Functionality • PDN SAE GW: • Policy Enforcement • Per-user based packet filtering (by e.g. deep packet inspection) • Charging Support • User plane anchor point for mobility between 3GPP accesses and non-3GPP accesses • routing of user data towards the S-GW • Security • O&M security (?) • Lawful Intercept • Serving SAE GW: • User plane anchor point for inter-eNB handover (within one pool) • User plane anchor point for inter-3GPP mobility • routing of user data towards the eNodeB • routing of user data towards the P-GW • routing of user data towards the SGSN (2G and 3G) or RNC (3G with “Direct Tunnel”) • Security • Secure user data transport on S1 interface (unless taken care of by a SEG (Security Gateway)) • O&M security (?) • Lawful Intercept • The PDN SAE GW and the Serving SAE GW may be implemented in one physical node or separated physical nodes. • …

  23. LTE – Long Term EvolutionAccess Network

  24. 1.4 MHz 20 MHz TX TX OFDMA SC-FDMA Key LTE radio access features • LTE radio access • Downlink: OFDM • Uplink: SC-FDMA • Advanced antenna solutions • Diversity • Beam-forming • Multi-layer transmission (MIMO) • Spectrum flexibility • Flexible bandwidth • New and existing bands • Duplex flexibility: FDD and TDD

  25. LTE – Access Network • LTE employs OFDMA in DL and SC-FDMA in UL • LTE basic charactheristics: • Flexibility bandwidth (from 1.4 Mhz to 20 MHZ). • Orthogonally in uplink and downlink. • Modulation : QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM. • FDD (frequency division duplex), HD FDD ( half frequency division duplex & TDD (time Division Duplex are supported). • Advanced Antenna Technology – MIMO is used in downlink to allow high peak rates.

  26. LTE – Long Term EvolutionChannels

  27. DCCH CCCH CCCH DTCH DCCH DTCH MCCH MTCH BCCH PCCH RACH PCH PDCCH PMCH PHICH PCFICH PBCH PUCCH PUSCH PDSCH PRACH Channel Structure – Downlink and Uplink Uplink Downlink Logical Channels “type of information” (traffic/control) pri sec MCH UL-SCH DL-SCH BCH Transport Channels“how and with what characteristics” (common/shared/mc/bc) -Sched TF DL-Sched grant UL-Pwr Ctrl cmd-HARQ info PDCCH info ACK/NACK Physical Channels“bits, symbols, modulation, radio frames etc” ACK/NACKCQIScheduling req.

  28. LTE – Logical Channels ( type of Information) • BCCH ( Broadcast Control Channel ) • Used for transmission of system control information to all mobiles in the cell. Prior to access the network the mobile needs to read the information on BCCH to find out how the system is configured, for example the bandwidth. • PCCH ( Paging Control Channel ) • used for Paging of Mobiles whose location on cell level in not know to the network. • DCCH ( Dedicated Control Channel ) • Used for Transmission of control information to/from mobile. This channel is used for individual configuration of Terminals such as differents kinds of handover messages.

  29. LTE – Logical Channels ( type of Information) • MCCH ( Multicast Control Channel ) • used for transmission of control information required for reception of the MTCH. • DTCH ( Dedicated Traffic Channel ) • used for transmission of user data to/from a mobile terminal. This is the logical channel type used for transmission of all uplink and non-MBMS downlink user data. • MTCH ( Multicast Traffic Channel ) • used for downlink transmission of MBMS services.

  30. LTE – Transport Channels • BCH ( Broadcast Channel ) • Fixed Tranport Format • Used for identification of cells & transmission of BCCH logical channel. • RACH ( Random Access Channel ) • Used for Access the Network from theTerminal. • Limited control information and colission risk. • PCH ( Paging Channel ) • is used for transmission of paging information on the PCCH logical channel. The PCH supports discontinuous reception (DRX) to allow the mobile terminal to save battery power by sleeping and waking up to receive the PCH only at predefined time instants.

  31. LTE – Transport Channels • DL-SCH (Downlink Shared Channel) • Used for transmission of data in LTE • DL SCH TTI is 1 ms • Support Features as Dynamic Rate Adaptation & Channel Dependent Scheduling in time and frequency domain. • MCH ( Multi Cast Channel) • Used to support MBMS • UL - SCH ( Uplink Shared Channel ) • Used for transmission of data in LTE • UL SCH TTI 1 ms • Support Features as Dynamic Rate Adaptation & Channel Dependent Scheduling in time and frequency domain.

  32. Commercial Views

  33. LTE SAE Commercial Path Validate technology First vendor selection LTE Commercialdeployment 2007 2008 2009 2010

  34. Cooperation with Huawei Sold to ALU 2006 Wireless Broadband Main vendor strategies Focus Support

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