Chapter 2 History and Evolution of Community Health Nursing

1. Chapter 2History and Evolution of Community Health Nursing

2. Community Health Nursing Development: Four Stages • Early Home Care (before mid-1800s) • District Nursing (mid-1800s to 1900) • Public Health Nursing (1900 to 1970) • Community Health Nursing (1970 to present)

3. Early Home Care Nursing (before Mid-1800s) • Religious and charitable groups • Elizabethan Poor Law • St. Vincent de Paul • Home deliveries • Industrial revolution • Florence Nightingale & Mary Seacole

4. Question Is the following statement true or false? • District nursing is the last stage of development of community health nursing.

5. Answer • False • District nursing from the mid-1800s to 1900 was the second stage of development of community health nursing. The last stage of development is called the community health nursing stage; it began in 1970.

6. District Nursing (Mid-1800s to 1900) • Visiting nursing (district nursing) • Care of individuals • Religious to private philanthropy • Health visitors as backbone of primary health care system

7. Public Health Nursing (1900 to 1970) • Expansion to health & welfare of general public • Specialized programs • Lillian Wald • First to use term “Public Health Nursing” • Teachers College • National Organization for Public Health Nursing • Henry Street Settlement • National League of Nursing Education

8. Community Health Nursing (1970 to present) • Community Health Nursing • Public health nursing (epidemiology) • Community-based clinics • Worksites • Schools • Collaboration and interdisciplinary teamwork

9. Question Is the following statement true or false? • Florence Nightingale was the first person to use the term “public health nursing.”

10. Answer • False • Lillian Wald, not Florence Nightingale, was the first person to use the term “public health nursing.”

12. Societal Influences on CHN • Advanced technology • Causal thinking • Educational changes • Demographic changes and role changes for women • Consumer movement • Economic factors

13. Question Which societal influence would be closely associated with epidemiology? • Advanced technology • Causal thinking • Consumer movement • Role changes for women

14. Answer b. Causal thinking • Causal thinking involves relating disease or illness to its cause, and progress in this area, particularly in epidemiology, has significantly affected community health nursing. Advanced technology, changes in the role of women, and the consumer movement are not associated with epidemiology.

15. Internet Resources • American Academy of Nursing: http://www.aannet.org/ • American Assembly for Men in Nursing: http://www.aamn.org • American Nurses Association: http://www.ana.org • American Nurses Credentialing Center: http://www.nursingworld.org/ancc/index.html • American Nursing Informatics Association: http://www.ania.org • American Public Health Association: http://www.apha.org

16. Internet Resources (cont.) • Frontier Nursing Service: http://www.frontiernursing.org/ • National Association of Hispanic Nurses: http://thehispanicnurses.org/index.php • National Black Nurses Association, Inc.: http://www.nbna.org • National Center for Health Statistics: http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/ • National League for Nursing: http://www.nln.org • U.S. Dept. of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics: http://www.bls.gov