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Teaching About STDS

Teaching About STDS. HIV/AIDS Program Public Health-Seattle & King County hivstd.info@metrokc.gov http://www.metrokc.gov/health/apu 206/205-STDS (7837). Elements of effective programs:. tailoring to the age and experience of the audience; focus on risky sexual behavior;

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Teaching About STDS

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  1. Teaching About STDS HIV/AIDS Program Public Health-Seattle & King County hivstd.info@metrokc.gov http://www.metrokc.gov/health/apu 206/205-STDS (7837)

  2. Elements of effective programs: • tailoring to the age and experience of the audience; • focus on risky sexual behavior; • sound theoretical foundation; • provision of basic facts about avoiding risks of unprotected sex; • acknowledgement of social pressures to have sex; and • practice in communication, negotiation and refusal skills.

  3. Key Teaching Points • Youth are at risk for STDS. • STDS are preventable. • STDS are transmitted by unprotected anal, oral or vaginal sex. • Sexually active youth should be tested and treated for STDS.

  4. Youth are at risk for STDS • People < 25 account for 66% of new STD infections. • The Seattle Public Schools 1999 Teen Health Risk Survey showed that 40% of high school students had had sex. • Of students who reported having had sex, 20% said they had experienced forced intercourse. • 55% of high school students who had sex in the last 3 months used a condom the last time they had sex. • In King County, the 1997 gonorrhea rate per 100,000 was 351.5 for 18-19 year olds compared to 142.1 for 30-34 year olds.

  5. Key Teaching Points • Youth are at risk for STDS. • STDS are preventable. • STDS are transmitted by unprotected anal, oral or vaginal sex. • Sexually active youth should be tested and treated for STDS.

  6. Abstinence Mutual monogamy with uninfected partner Limited sexual contact (non-penetrative) Condoms - correct and consistent use Reduce number of sexual partners Talk with new partners about risk reduction Tx of curable STDs, regular PAP test, vaccinate Avoid sex if you have symptoms of an STD Notify recent partners if you have an STD Prevention

  7. Abstinence Mutual monogamy with uninfected partner Limited sexual contact (non-penetrative) Condoms - correct and consistent use Reduce number of sexual partners Talk with new partners about risk reduction Tx of curable STDs, regular PAP test, vaccinate Avoid sex if you have symptoms of an STD Notify recent partners if you have an STD WARNING: Condoms may not fully protect you or your partner from getting herpes or HPV. Condoms are not as effective at preventing herpes or HPV transmission as they are at preventing the transmission of other sexually transmitted diseases. You may have sores or viral shedding in the genital region which may not be covered by or protected by condoms (e.g., labia, the scrotum). Prevention

  8. Condom Effectiveness • Intact latex condoms do NOT allow air, water, viruses, or other organisms such as bacteria to pass through. • Prevent pregnancy up to 98 percent of the time. • In studies, among 124 discordant couples who used condoms consistently over 2 years, none of the uninfected partners became infected with HIV.

  9. Key Teaching Points • Youth are at risk for STDS. • STDS are preventable. • STDS are transmitted by unprotected anal, oral or vaginal sex. • Sexually active youth should be tested and treated for STDS.

  10. S-S B-F N M-C Two Kinds of Sexual Transmission • 1) Skin to Skin • 2) Body Fluid

  11. S-S B-F STD Transmission • Genital Herpes • Genital Warts (HPV) • Syphilis • Pubic Lice • Scabies • Chlamydia • Gonorrhea • HIV • Hepatitis A • Hepatitis B • Hepatitis C

  12. HIV and other STDs are connected. • same behaviors • increased transmission • feelings of susceptibility and personal concern

  13. Key Teaching Points • Youth are at risk for STDS. • STDS are preventable. • STDS are transmitted by unprotected anal, oral or vaginal sex. • Sexually active youth should be tested and treated for STDS.

  14. Sexually active youth should be tested and treated for STDS. • Many STDS do not have symptoms. • Untreated STDS can have serious consequences. • Where can your students get tested?

  15. Bacterial STDs:Chlamydia, Gonorrhea and Syphilis

  16. Epididymitis Symptoms: fever, chills, pain Complications: sterility Treatment: antibiotics • PelvicInflammatory Disease • Symptoms: • pain, fever, chills • Complications: • Ectopic pregnancy, maternal death, sterility • Treatment: antibiotics

  17. Syphilis Primary Chancre appears at site of infection • Transmission: contact with rash or chancre • Symptoms: (at left) • Time to onset: 10-90 days • Pregnancy: perinatal infection may cause blindness or infant death • Diagnosis: blood tests • Treatment: antibiotics very effective Secondary Other symptoms appear-- rashes, fever, fatigue Latent Phase No Symptoms Late Phase Damage to nervous system and death

  18. Viral STDs: Genital herpes, Genital warts, Hepatitis A, B and C, and HIV.

  19. Herpes (HSV) HSV-1 HSV-2 Cold sores Oral-genital frequent Genital lesionsGenital-oral infrequent

  20. Genital Herpes (HSV) • Transmission: skin to skin • Symptoms:Prodrome--tingling in legs, buttocks or groin Lesion--itching, blister at infection site;Recurrences vary in frequency and severity • Time to onset: 2-20 days • Pregnancy: 5% transmission when lesions present • Diagnosis: culture, antibody test • Treatment: symptom relief; antivirals effective

  21. HPV (Human Papilloma Virus) “Genital Warts” About 30 Types of Genital HPV 4 types related to cervical/anal Cancer Genital Warts

  22. HPV (Human Papilloma Virus) “Genital Warts” • Transmission: skin to skin contact; not dependent on visible warts • Symptoms: fleshy “warts” on genitals, perineum, anus;some strains cause no visible symptoms • Time to onset: 1-20 months • Pregnancy: perinatal infection possible • Diagnosis: observation, PAP detects dysplasia • Treatment: remove visible warts

  23. Vaginitis “vaginal infection” • Trichomonas • Bacterial vaginosis (BV) • Yeast infections • Diagnosis of all vaginitis confirmed by microscopic examination

  24. Trichomonas, aka “Trich” (parasite) • Transmission: sexual contact, shared clothes • Symptoms: • -women: itching, burning, “fishy” discharge • -men: usually asymptomatic, but can transmit • Treatment: oral medication

  25. Vaginosis (bacteria) • Caused by overgrowth of normal bacteria • Symptoms: itching, burning, frothy discharge • Time to Onset: varies • Treatment: antibiotics or vaginal cream

  26. Yeast infection (fungi) • Caused by overgrowth of common vaginal fungi • Symptoms: itching, burning, “cottage cheese” discharge • Treatment: vaginal cream or oral medication

  27. Scabies (parasite) • Transmission: sexual contact, clothes, touching • Symptoms: itchy rash, especially at night • Time to onset: 2-6 weeks from first exposure • Diagnosis: microscopic examination of skin scrapings • Treatment: creams and lotions

  28. Pubic Lice, aka “Crabs” (parasite) • Transmission: sexual contact, clothes, sheets • Symptoms: redness and itching in hairy areas • Diagnosis: seen easily by naked eye • Treatment: lotion, clothes/sheets washed in hot water

  29. Last Questions http://www.metrokc.gov/health/apu hivstd.info@metrokc.gov HIV/STD Hotline (206) 205-7837

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