Energy Conservation Home, School, and Transportation

1. Energy ConservationHome, School, and Transportation CPES 2009-10

2. Quiz – Energy Conservation • Energy use in U.S. – graphs • Energy use in average home – graph and discussion • Efficiency • Definition • Light bulbs • System efficiency – worksheet • Energy Conservation in the home • Home energy activity • Energy use and conservation in transportation • Alternative Fuels • Hybrids • Other ways to reduce energy use in transportation

3. Where is energy used in the U.S.?

4. Energy Conservation • Efficiency – system efficiency, appliances • Payback period – calculations – Lutron • Calculate costs: Compare the incandescent and CF bulbs • Insulation • Energy Transfer: conduction, convection, radiation • Thermos demonstration • Home and school energy efficiency • Lighting system – classroom and school • How does energy use and efficiency relate to other environmental issues? • Energy and global climate change.

5. Inefficiency of Energy Use • Efficiency: Energy input that is converted to useful “work” (intended purpose) • What happens to the remainder • System efficiency vs. efficiency of individual unit (appliance, light bulb, etc.) • Overall efficiency - U.S. energy use is about 16% • Explain the following: • About 1/2 second law of energy • About 1/2 wasted unnecessarily

6. Energy Inputs System Outputs Figure 16-2Page 381 9% 7% 41% U.S. economy and lifestyles 84% 43% 8% 4% 4% Nonrenewable fossil fuels Useful energy Petrochemicals Nonrenewable nuclear Unavoidable energy waste Hydropower, geothermal, wind, solar Unnecessary energy waste Biomass

7. Figure 16-4 (5)Page 382 Internal combustion engine (gasoline) 10%

9. Figure 16-4 (4)Page 382 Fluorescent light 22%

10. Figure 16-4 (5)Page 382 Incandescent light 5%

11. SYSTEM EFFICIENCY FOR ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION Uranium mining (95%) Uranium processing and transportation (57%) Power plant (31%) Transmission of electricity (85%) Resistance heating (100%) Uranium 100% 14% 14% 17% 95% 54% Waste heat Waste heat Waste heat Waste heat Electricity from Nuclear Power Plant Sunlight 100% 90% Waste heat Passive Solar

12. Goals of Our Discussion: Home Energy Use and Conservations • Energy uses in your home – what are they? • How do they rank in amount of energy used? • School – what are energy conservation measures? • How can energy use be reduced in the school? • Lutron lighting system in classroom • How does insulation work? • Relate to thermos bottle demonstration and three types of energy transfer • Contrast types and R-values • Short video- natural insulation • What is your home’s energy profile?

14. Convection Conduction Radiation Heat from a stove burner causes atoms or molecules in the pan’s bottom to vibrate faster. The vibrating atoms or molecules then collide with nearby atoms or molecules, causing them to vibrate faster. Eventually, molecules or atoms in the pan’s handle are vibrating so fast it becomes too hot to touch. Heating water in the bottom of a pan causes some of the water to vaporize into bubbles. Because they are lighter than the surrounding water, they rise. Water then sinks from the top to replace the rising bubbles.This up and down movement (convection) eventually heats all of the water. As the water boils, heat from the hot stove burner and pan radiate into the surrounding air, even though air conducts very little heat. Transfer of Heat Energy Fig. 3-11 p. 553

15. School Energy – Lighting and Evaluation • List all of the components of the Lutron System installed in the classroom.

16. Is our Transportation Sustainable? ?????????????????????

17. 35 14.9 30 12.8 Passenger cars Average fuel economy (miles per gallon, or mpg) Average fuel efficiency (kilometers per liter, or kpl) 25 10.7 Total fleet 8.5 20 Pickups, vans, and sport utility vehicles 15 6.4 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 Year What are ways that the U.S. auto fleet can be increased?

18. Energy Used for Transportation What are “walk away ideas” for each graph

19. Sustainable Transportation • How can we move toward sustainable transportation? • Look for: • clean-emission cars powered by electricity and fuel cells; • reduction of fuel consumption on airplanes, transport trucks, and increased use of trains • integrated, efficient inter-city buses and trains- mass transit a key

20. Electric Cars, Fuel Cells, Hybrids, and Hydrogen Fueled Are these Yourfuture?

21. What about electric cars? • Problem is batteries • cost • storage capacity • weight

22. Batteries the big problem • Heavy (lead-acid battery pack 1,000 pounds or more). • Bulky (up to 50 lead-acid batteries, each measuring roughly 6" x 8" by 6"). • Limited storage capacity (range of only 50 miles). • They are slow to charge - up to 10 hours • Short life (three to four years) • They are expensive (perhaps $2,000)

23. Solving the battery bottleneck • Replace lead-acid batteries with NiMH batteries or other kinds • The range of the car will double • Will last 10 years • But, the cost of the batteries today is 10 to 15 times greater than lead-acid. • NiMH battery pack will cost $20,000 to $30,000 (today) instead of $2,000.

24. Solar powered cars- Are these commercially feasible

25. What are some options? • Hybrids? • Or, Fuel Cells • Or. …………………….??

26. Hybrid Car • Engines and motors • Braking recharges the batteries • Motor, not engine, runs at lower speeds • Engine shuts off completely when at lower speeds and when stopped • So, what are the disadvantages? A C Electric motor Combustion engine D B Fuel tank Battery bank E Regulator F Transmission B A E F C D Fuel Electricity