THE FOUNDER

1. Today we will learn:The Buddhist Noble Eightfold Path and how it guides the lives of its followers. • How will we learn it?With discussions, presentation/note taking, individual & group activities and reading/researching the content. • How will we know we learned it?With participation in class discussion, individual & group activities and a quiz that will assess your ability to explain the path in your words. • How will use what we learned?To identify basic social institutions and explain their impact on individuals, groups and organizations within society and how they transmit the values of society.

2. THE FOUNDER Siddhartha Gautama (563-483 BCE) The Buddha • Born in Nepal. Raised in great luxury to be a king. • Witnessed sickness, old age and death and wandering monk • Rejected his luxurious life to seek enlightenment and the source of suffering. • Lived a strict, ascetic life for 6 yrs. • Became “The Enlightened One,” at 35.

3. The essence of Buddhism • The “middle way of wisdom and compassion.” • The 3 jewels of Buddhism: Taking refuge The Buddha is the guide. The Dharma is the path. The Sanghaare the teachers or companions along the way.

4. Major Beliefs: • Five Precepts. Passed down from the Buddha. • 1. No killing Respect for life • 2. No stealing Respect for others' property • 3. No sexual misconduct Respect for our pure nature • 4. No lying Respect for honesty • 5. No intoxicants Respect for a clear mind

5. Major Beliefs: THE WHEEL OF LIFE Death is the end of life. Reincarnation occurs in one of the 6 paths of rebirthdepending on Karma. • Heavenly Beings • Humans • Asuras: Have many good things in life, but still like to fight. They appear in the heavens or on earth as people or animals. • Hungry ghosts: Suffer from constant hunger. • Hell-beings

6. Major Beliefs: Escaping the Turning Wheel Four stages of enlightenment. • Buddhas- perfect in enlightenment. • Bodhisattvas- enlighten themselves as well as others. • Pratyekabuddhas- hermits who retreat from the world to enlighten themselves. • Arhats- enlighten themselves.

7. Major Beliefs: Theravada Buddhism The oldest school of Buddhism. The “Way of the Elders” or the “Small Vehicle.” Found in southern Asia. The monastic life is the best way to achieve nirvana. Focus on wisdom and meditation. Goal is to become a “Buddha,” or “Enlightened One.” Over 100,000,000 followers today.

8. Major Beliefs: Mahayana Buddhism The “Great Vehicle.” Founded in northern Asia (China, Japan). Buddhism “for the masses.” Seek guidance from Boddhisatvas, wise beings. Goal: Not just individual escape from the wheel, but the salvation of all humanity through self-sacrifice of those enlightened few.

9. Major Beliefs: Zen Buddhism The “Meditation School.” Seeks sudden enlightenment [satori] through meditation, arriving at emptiness [sunyata]. Use of meditation masters [Roshi]. Beauty, art, and aesthetics: • Gardens. • Archery. • Tea ceremony. • Calligraphy.

10. Major Beliefs: Tibetan Buddhism The “Diamond Vehicle.” [Vajrayana] Developed in Tibet in the 7c CE. A mix of Theravada and Mahayana. Boddhisatvas include Lamas, like the Dalai Lama. The Tibetan Book of the Dead n[BardoThodol].

11. Major Beliefs: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IUEkDc_LfKQ http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vXS-PIKLoSU begin http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J2UoTFF3uJU End http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JXdhHn8L65o .

12. Major Beliefs: Purpose of Life • To End Suffering • Follow the Noble Eightfold Path • This Path leads to better Karmaand a life purity • A pure and enlightened soul canultimately achieve Nirvana

13. Major Beliefs: Commands & Laws • The Four Noble Truths • All life is marked by suffering • Suffering is caused by desireand attachment • Suffering can be stopped • The way to end suffering is tofollow the Noble Eightfold Path

14. The Noble Eightfold Path • Right Knowledge • Right Intention • Right Speech • Right Action • Right Livelihood • Right Effort • Right Mindfulness • Right Concentration

15. The Noble Eightfold Path • Right Knowledge • Right Intention • Right Speech • Right Action • Right Livelihood • Right Effort • Right Mindfulness • Right Concentration • Effort • Livelihood • Mindfulness • Concentration • Action • Knowledge • Speech • Intention

16. RIGHT KNOWLEDGE: Accepting Buddhist teachings • Right Effort • Right Mindfulness • Right Livelihood • Right Concentration • Right Action • Right Speech • Right Knowledge • Right Intention

17. RIGHT INTENTION: A commitment to cultivate the right attitudes. RIGHT SPEECH:Avoiding slander, gossip, lying, and all forms of untrue and abusive speech.

18. RIGHT ACTION: Behaving peacefully and harmoniously; refraining from stealing, killing and overindulgence in sensual pleasure. RIGHT LIVELIHOOD: Avoiding making a living in ways that cause harm, such as exploiting people or killing animals, or trading in intoxicants or weapons.

19. RIGHT EFFORT: Avoiding negative thoughts and emotions, such as anger and jealousy. RIGHT MINDFULNESS: Having a clear sense of one’s mental state and bodily health and feelings.

20. RIGHT CONCENTRATION: Using meditation to reach the highest level of enlightenment.

21. The Noble Eightfold Path Right Knowledge: Accepting Buddhist teachingsRight Intention: A commitment to cultivate the right attitudes..Right Speech: Avoiding slander, gossip, lying, and all forms of untrue and abusive speech.Right Action: Behaving peacefully and harmoniously; refraining from stealing, killing and overindulgence in sensual pleasure.Right Livelihood: Avoiding making a living in ways that cause harm, such as exploiting people or killing animals, or trading in intoxicants or weapons.Right Effort: Avoiding negative thoughts and emotions, such as anger and jealousy.Right Mindfulness: Having a clear sense of one’s mental state and bodily health and feelings.Right Concentration: Using meditation to reach the highest level of enlightenment.

22. Influence on art and architecture • Buddhists had many symbols to represent their different beliefs. These symbols inspired a great deal of religious art that is still cherished to this day. The slanted roofs of the Viharas would become a common fixture in Asian building design.