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Violence

Violence. Violence Roots of violence. GST . Strain. ANGER. Criminal Behavior. Assignment # 4. According to Agnew, males and females tend to experience different types of strain.

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Violence

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  1. Violence Violence Roots of violence

  2. GST Strain ANGER Criminal Behavior

  3. Assignment # 4 • According to Agnew, males and females tend to experience different types of strain. • Males: 1) financial problems; 2) work-related problems, 3) status; 4) conflict and competition with peers; • Females: 1) abortion; 2) STD 3) verbal, sexual, and physical victimization; 4) gender-based discrimination; 5) child care problems; 6) stressors involving family and friends; 7) low prestige at work; 8) fitting in (looks+popularity);

  4. Assignment # 4 • Males and females differ in terms of their emotional reactions to strain. • Males:Anger+Moral outrage • Females: Anger+Fear +Depression+Anxiety+Guilt+Self-blame

  5. Assignment # 4 • Males and females differ in terms of their behavioral reactions to strain. Males: Crimeand delinquency Females: Self-destructive behaviors such as eating disorders, alcohol/drugs, running away from home, self-injuring,self-cutting, prostitution.

  6. Final Exam • New Format • 50 Multiple Choice Questions • Practice questions?

  7. Roots of violence • What causes people to behave violently? • Adults and violence • Children and violence • Several competing explanations

  8. Sources of Violence Substance abuse Ineffective families Cultural Values Violence Ganging Personal Traits Firearm availability Regional Values Human Instincts

  9. Personality Traits • Abnormal personality structures • Depression, impulsivity, aggression, dishonesty, pathological lying, lack of remorse, psychopathology • Many murderers kill themselves shortly after committing their crime • There cases when people who commit murder wait for the execution (form of “Suicide-murder”)

  10. Ineffective families • Absent/deviant parents • Inconsistent discipline • Lack of supervision • Abused children

  11. Patterson’s Social-Interactional Developmental Model (1989) • Children and their environment are in constant interchange • The start of antisocial behavior happens in dysfunctional families (harsh and inconsistent discipline, little positive parental involvement, poor monitoring) • Family members directly “train” the child to perform antisocial behaviors

  12. Patterson’s Social-Interactional Developmental Model (1989) • In dysfunctional families, coercion is a way of life • Child might see that only coercion can stop other family members from employing hitting • Antisocial children manifest “conduct problems” outside the home (rejected by peers) • Later they gravitate toward “deviant peer groups” • This association reinforces delinquent behavior • Later these children will have dysfunctional families and promote coercion

  13. Mark Colvin-Differential Coercion Theory • Non-coercive and consistent • Non-coercive and erratic • Coercive and consistent (depression) • Coercive and erratic (chronic criminal) • Likelihood of crime varies according to the amount of coercion experienced • Low coercion produces low anger, high self-esteem, strong social bonds • High erratic coercion produces high anger, low self-esteem, weak social bonds

  14. Mark Colvin-Differential Coercion Theory • Individuals with background of coercion are more likely to get involved in coercive situations and respond to them with violence • They create and maintain the cycle of coercion (coercive to future children+partners) • They become caught up in a coercive cycle

  15. Abused Children • Eric and Lyle Menendez were convicted of first-degree murder for the brutal shotgun slaying of their parents in Beverly Hills. Their defense was based on the “abuse excuse” • The apparent motives ranged from the brothers’ fear of their father’s abuse to their desire to collect $11 million in insurance

  16. Evolutionary factors • Human instincts (survival instinct) • Violent behavior is committed predominantly by males • Sexually aggressive males have been the ones most likely to produce children

  17. Exposure to violence • At home, school, neighborhood • Mental health • Deviant behavior • Victimization • Vulnerable to the lure of gangs and other deviant groups

  18. Cultural/Regional Values • Violence-prone subcultures • Violence is used to solve social conflicts and dilemmas • Ganging • Regional values (murder rate is higher in the South)

  19. Ganging • Rising homicide rates in the 1960s and 1970s have been linked to increased gang activity and drug trafficking in central cities • Patterns of violence in large cities strongly influence national trends

  20. Homicide rates

  21. Cultural Values • “Legitimation of violence” hypothesis (Archer, Gartner, 1984) argues that during wartime pro-violent values are reinforced and these values are carried over to postwar periods • Increase in homicide rates after World War II, the Korean War, and the Vietnam War are consistent with this idea

  22. Firearm availability • Greater social acceptance of violence as method of conflict resolution • Violence is deeply woven into the fabric of American culture (street talk, prime-time television programming, “gangsta rap” music lyrics)

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