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Unit 8 - Behavior

Learn how to talk about emotions, speculate about past events, and discuss hypothetical situations using modal verbs like "would have," "should have," and "could have." Discover how to speculate using "must have," "may have," and "could have" in English grammar.

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Unit 8 - Behavior

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  1. Unit 8 - Behavior Talk about hypothetical about the past using “would have”, “should have” and “could have” Describe emotions and personal qualities. Speculate about the past using “must have”, “may have” and “could have”

  2. Can you think of any situations that would make you :- • Hug someone? Lose your temper? • Laugh out loud? Hang up on someone? • Sulk? Mope? Get mad and yell at someone? • Say hello? Make eye-contact and smile? • Scorn someone? Help someone in need? • The idea of reciprocity is to responding to a positive action with another positive action, rewarding kind actions.

  3. Lesson A Telemarketer – someone who call you at home to try to sell you something. (but also political, marketing, charities etc) Do you ever get calls or texts from them? How often? What time of day? 1A. What kinds of unwanted calls do you get? What do you say?

  4. 1c. What did Amelia say about her behavior? Amelia regrets losing her temper. • She says “ I shouldn’thavelost my temper” What does she say she could or should have done? • I couldhaveasked him to put me on their “do not call” list. Modal + have + PP. Modals Verb + PP

  5. We can use modals to talk about what we think was the right or wrong thing to do in the past and imagine our own reaction. What does hypothetical mean? (imaginary or not real) In the present or future tense we use “if” + simple past and “would” In the past we can use past modals (and if). Would have, should have, could have + PP A good idea but I didn’t do it A possibility but I didn’t do it To imagine your behavior in the past

  6. Past Events - talk Think of a hypothetical :- What would you have done? If your parents had divorced? If you had gotten into a terrible university? If you had the chance to date either _______ or ________ ? What should you have done? What should you have done after high school? What should you have done last weekend? What should you have done instead of ___________ ? What could you have done? What could you have done last semester instead of being at Uni? You got fired from your job. You argued and didn’t make up with your friend. You …

  7. Grammar Time (p77) Info Q’s WHQ + modal + subject + have + PP? Affirmative Subject + modal + have + PP. Negative Subject + modal + not + have + PP. Yes / No Q & A. Modal + subject + have + PP? Yes / No + subject + modal.

  8. Answers • Have thrown … have done? • .. have made … have told … • … have said … have done? • … have hung … have reacted? • … have lost … have responded? • Have offered … have apologised?

  9. Problem and solution. • I have a problem / need your advice. My best friend has a crush on me and I told him/her that I’m not into them. • I would have … / You should have / You could have Problems:- My brother told me he is gay and I freaked out. My boss fired me after I argued with him about … I lied to my parents about … but they found out. I told a guy to be quiet after he was yelling on his cell phone in the elevator. Etc …

  10. Review P. 77 no.4 Think about the last time you weren’t very polite… Yesterday, I wasn’t very polite to a guy who jumped in line at the supermarket. I could have said something to him but instead I just stared at him menacingly! I should have learned more Korean! (I can’t use would in this situation as it isn’t a hypothetical) • P 77 no.4

  11. Lesson B.. WHQ + Are you (qty) aggressive? Do you have/(possess/exhibit) + (qty “a lot of”) + aggression + (built up inside) ? Who do you know who is aggressive ? Who do you know who has a lot of aggression / is aggressive? I am aggressive I have a lot of aggression He has a lot of aggression.

  12. Past Modals for Speculation Speculating about the past, that is, to make guesses about what happened with varying degrees of certainty or to say what the speaker thinks is possible or logical. Form • - Subject + must / may / might / could + have + past participle • They must (I bet) have gotten tied up in traffic. • She could have tried to call. • They may be in love. • They might have had a fight. Strength

  13. The negative couldn’t have suggests strong certainty. - Notice the difference in meaning between couldn’t have and might / may not have. She couldn’t have called. (= It’s not possible that she called.) She might not have called. (= It’s possible she didn’t call.) Common errors with past modals Ss sometimes use the base form of the verb instead of the past participle when using past modals. A past modal is always followed by a past participle ( e.g., They could have tried to call. NOT They could have try to call.)

  14. P79 3a • Have forgotten, have gotten. • Not have received, have died. • Have lost it, not have finished. • Not have seen, have had. • Have broken, not have remembered. Think of another explanation for the situations above.

  15. Extended Practice

  16. Putting it all together.

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