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DNA

DNA. What are nucleic acids? Why is it important? Structure of DNA Scientists. Nucleic Acid. Nucleic Acids are large complex molecules containing genetic material Made of nucleotides sugar, phosphate group, and nitrogen base Two types: 1. Deoxyribonucleic Acid- DNA

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DNA

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  1. DNA What are nucleic acids? Why is it important? Structure of DNA Scientists

  2. Nucleic Acid • Nucleic Acids are large complex molecules containing genetic material • Made of nucleotides • sugar, phosphate group, and nitrogen base Two types: 1. Deoxyribonucleic Acid- DNA 2. Ribonucleic - RNA • DNA carries instructions that regulate cells activities • RNA–uses information from DNA to make proteins

  3. Nucleic Acids • Nucleotides: • Phosphate • 5 carbon sugar (deoxyribose in DNA, ribose in RNA) • Nitrogen Base (Adenine, Thymine, Guanine, Cytosine)

  4. What is DNA? • DNA- deoxyribonucleic acid • DNA contains the genetic information that makes you, you… animals, animals and plants, plants… • DNA is composed of: • Double helix • Phosphate group • 5 carbon sugar (deoxyribose) • Nitrogen containing base • Weak hydrogen bonds Make up a Nucleotide

  5. Why is DNA Important? • DNA is in all living things • It is found in the cytoplasm of bacteria and in the nucleus of protists, fungi, plants, and animals.

  6. S P The Structure of DNA • Nucleotides- subunits (monomers) that make up DNA • Phosphate group • 5 carbon sugar (deoxyribose) • Nitrogen containing base (nitrogenous base): • Adenine Thymine (A – T) • Guanine Cytosine (G – C) * Weak hydrogen bonds hold bases together

  7. The Structure of DNA • Double helix- two strands of nucleotides twisted around each other, like a winding staircase • Complementary base pairs- the sequence of bases on one strand that determines the sequence of the other strand • Adenine Thymine • Cytosine Guanine

  8. A T C G G C T A T A The Structure of DNA • So, if the sequence on one side is:

  9. C A The Structure of DNA 5’ • Label: • Phosphate (P) • 5 carbon sugar • (S) • Correct base pairs • (A, T, C, G) • Draw hydrogen bonds 3’ 5’ 3’

  10. The Sequence of DNA • The sequence (order) of nucleotides determines an individuals traits • If the nucleotide sequence of nitrogenous bases (adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine) are in a similar order, the more related two things are • This concept is used in forensic science and is called DNA fingerprinting

  11. The Structure of DNA *Note about bases: • Pyrimidines- single ring of carbon • Tymine and Cytosine • Purine- two rings of carbon • Adenine and Guanine A purine must always bond with a pyrimidine!

  12. DNA Discoveries and Scientists • Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase- discovered that DNA stores genetic information in living cells • James Watson and Francis Crick- pieced together the structure of DNA • Rosalind Franklin—developed X-ray pictures of DNA • Chargaff- noticed the rules for base pairing (Adenine- Thymine and Cytosine – Guanine)

  13. Why is DNA important? • DNA is the basis of genetic material and serves as the template for making proteins. • Proteins make: • your eye color and hair color • antibodies in your blood • enzymes vital to your metabolism • skin and muscles • Proteins make you, you!

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