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DuraNet: Energy-Efficient Power Scheduling for Sustainable Wireless Networks

DuraNet is a power scheduling protocol designed by Terence Tong, David Molnar, and Alec Woo at UC Berkeley for energy-efficient and durable wireless networks. It focuses on minimizing idle listening, reliability, simplicity, and addressing issues like density, scale, clock skew, and queue overflow. The protocol consists of phases like Sync, Schedule Negotiation, and Data, aiming to conserve energy in low-power devices and extend battery life without frequent replacements.

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DuraNet: Energy-Efficient Power Scheduling for Sustainable Wireless Networks

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  1. DuraNet: Energy-Efficient Durable Slot-Free Power Scheduling Terence Tong, David Molnar, and Alec Woo UC-Berkeley • Goals • Energy conservation • Minimize idle listening • Reliable • Issues • Density, Scale, Clock skew, Joins / Leave • Queue Overflow, Aggregation • Simple • Distributed, Low memory footprint • Protocol Details • Sync Phase • Schedule Negotiation • Hidden Node Problem, Backoff on RTS • Buffer Queue Problem, RTS/CTS abort • Sequence Number Protocol • Backoff • Additive, Wait Queue Heuristic • Data Phase • Media Access: No backoff CSMA • Time Sync on ACK • Adaptivity / Recovery • Base Station Failure Detection • Low power listen fallback • Could add announcement channel • Problem • Tiny low-power devices for sensing environment • Data collection, Pursuer/Evader applications • Berkeley Mica2 mote platform • 8-bit 8MHz Atmel processor, ChipCon 1000 radio • Must conserve energy and extend battery lifetime • 2 AA batteries = 2000 mAh, lasts for ~7days if node leaves idle • Can’t replace batteries every 7 days • Schedule Negotiation • DuraNet Phases • Route Phase: routing layer figures out a good tree • Sync Phase: parent and children agree when to send • Data Phase: nodes wake up to listen and send periodically • Local fix-up and Restart cycle • Simulation Methodology • TOSSIM, TinyOS 1.1 w/Blast routing • Fixed MT topology on grid • Periodic synthetic workload C->P: Blah Blah Blah P->C: ACK C: Let’s Talk P: Come by 6 everyday • Conclusions • Can build near-optimal schedules at low cost • Overall savings depends on schedule durability • Increase durability with parent ACK • Factors affecting durability • Clock Skew – do time sync in ACK • Link Reliability – retransmit • Interference Neighborhood Change • Need experiment to determine real rate of change

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