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UNITED KINGDOM

UNITED KINGDOM. Tidal Barrage. Company/Organization - Tidal Electric Technology/Plant Name - Offshore Tidal Lagoons Technology Genre - Tidal Barrage Power take-off system – Unspecified

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UNITED KINGDOM

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  1. UNITED KINGDOM

  2. Tidal Barrage • Company/Organization - Tidal Electric • Technology/Plant Name - Offshore Tidal Lagoons • Technology Genre - Tidal Barrage • Power take-off system – Unspecified The United Kingdom has the second highest tidal range in the world and a strong commitment to renewable source power. The total potential capacity of power from U.K. tides using the offshore tidal generation technology is roughly 8000 MW. Technology - Tidal Lagoons Environmental Considerations Offshore tidal power generation resolves the environmental and economic problems of the barrage system and puts tidal power generation back amongst the choices for commercial-scale renewable power generation. Rather than blocking an estuary with a barrage, offshore tidal power generators use an impoundment structure, making it completely self-contained and independent of the shoreline (visualize a circular dam, built on the seabed), thereby eliminating the environmental problems associated with blocking off and changing the shoreline. Migratory fish simply swim around the structure[i] and ships and boats navigate past the structure. The optimal site for offshore tidal power generation is the shallow water of near-shore areas, while shipping lanes require deeper water. The offshore siting is the distinctive characteristic of the design and one of the fundamental claims of its patents[ii]. Turbines are situated in a powerhouse that is contained in the impoundment structure and is always underwater. Power is transmitted to shore via underground/underwater cables and connected to the grid. The structure need not be more than a few yards beyond the low tide level and the optimal site is one that is as shallow as possible, thereby minimizing the cost of building the impoundment wall.

  3. Tidal Barrage Impoundment Wall The impoundment structure is a conventional rubble mound breakwater, with ordinary performance specifications and is built from the most economical materials. In the event of a failure of the structure, the consequences do not include safety issues or collateral property damage. The most likely cause of a failure would be a strong nearby earthquake and the most likely type of damage would be a breach of the impoundment structure. Thus, the principle consequence of failure would be economic (temporary interruption of service) and, therefore, economics are the primary driver in choosing the materials[iii] and construction method. Building a complete impoundment structure offshore may seem to be more expensive than building a relatively short barrage which uses the natural contours of the existing shoreline to do most of the containment “work.” The barrage is much shorter than an impoundment structure with the same output capacity, but the barrage is a much larger structure. The cost per unit output of the offshore tidal power generator is less than that of the barrage for the following reasons: · Depth · Load Factor · Efficiency · Generation Equipment

  4. Tidal Current Technologies • Company/Organization - Marine Current Technology • Technology/Plant Name - SeaGen • Technology Genre - Horizontal Axis Turbine • Power take-off system – Induction Generator Marine Current Tuirbines Ltd is both first mover and world leader in its field.  The world's first tidal turbine, tested as long ago as 1994 in Loch Linnhe Scotland, has recently been donated by the Company to the Museum of Scotland.  From it have emerged first the 300kW Seaflow turbine installed in May 2003 and decomissioned in October 2009, and more recently the full-scale commercial system known as SeaGen which was installed in May 2008. SeaGen in StrangfordLough

  5. Tidal Current Technologies SeaGen is by far the largest and most powerful tidal turbine in the world with twin rotors each sweeping over 200 square metres of flow.  It also uses the most efficient type of turbine rotors, namely axial flow pitch controlled rotors,  the technology of choice in the wind industry.  As such SeaGen's rotors can achieve over 48% efficiency over a broad range of current velocities and they also offer complete control over the machine - it can be shut down in less than three seconds even with the current at full flow. More details follow. SeaGen - the world's only commercially operational tidal turbine: feeding 10MWh per tide into the UK grid SeaGen U in operational mode SeaGen U after being floated to the surface

  6. Tidal Current Technologies • Company/Organization - Tidal Generation Limited • Technology/Plant Name - Submerged Tidal Turbine • Technology Genre - Horizontal Axis Turbine • Power take-off system – Unspecified Tidal Generation Limited (TGL) is at the forefront in the design, development and manufacture of tidal stream turbines for the capture and conversion of tidal energy to electrical power. Based in Bristol (UK), TGL’s core business is the provision of equipment and maintenance services to tidal power developers world-wide. TGL is are currently operating a 500kWe concept demonstrator unit at The European Marine Energy Centre (EMEC) Tidal site in Orkney. This has been generating since September 2010 and provides power for up to 300 homes. TGL is also developing the next generation 1MWe tidal stream turbine, in a project partnership with the Energy Technologies Institute (ETI). This project aims to collect and publish significant data in order to further the tidal energy industry as a whole.

  7. Tidal Current Technologies • Submerged tidal turbine goes with the flow on green energy • Compact oil immersed hydraulic brake units are enabling renewable energy turbines to make the most of energy production from sub sea tidal flows

  8. Tidal Current Technologies • Company/Organization - Oceanflow Energy, Overberg Ltd • Technology/Plant Name - Evopod • Technology Genre - Horizontal Axis Turbine • Power take-off system – Unspecified Ocean Flow Energy Ltd. develops, deploys, and commercializes pod mounted devices for generating electricity from tidal streams, ocean currents, and river estuaries. It offers Evopod, a semi-submerged, floating, and tethered energy capture device for offshore oil and gas, and marine industries in Scotland and the United Kingdom. Ocean Flow Energy Ltd. was formerly known as Overberg Ltd. and changed its name to Ocean Flow Energy Ltd. in June, 2008. The company was incorporated in 2001 and is based in North Shields, United Kingdom.

  9. Tidal Current Technologies Evopod is a device for generating electricity from free flowing tidal streams, river estuaries and ocean currents. It is a unique floating solution drawing upon proven technologies used in the offshore oil and gas and marine industries. Evopod uses a simple but effective mooring system that allows the free floating device to maintain optimum heading into the tidal stream. It can be accessed by boat for first line maintenance and has been developed specifically to address the need for a tidal current device that can operate in exposed deep water sites where severe wind and waves also make up the environment. Evopod’s key discriminators are: • Designed for efficient operation in exposed sea areas where waves coexist with tidal current. • Can be easily disconnected from its mooring system and removed off-site for maintenance in safe non-tidal sheltered areas. • Does not require long duration, expensive and risky installation operations as required for fixed seabed mounted devices. • Maximises use of off-the-shelf components from commercial shipping and wind power industries.

  10. Tidal Current Technologies • Company/Organization - Scotrenewables • Technology/Plant Name - Scotrenewables Tidal Turbine (SRTT) • Technology Genre - Horizontal Axis Turbine • Power take-off system – Unspecified Scotrenewables Ltd, an Orkney based company, believes it can bring about a sea change in tidal power and become the industry standard. The Scotrenewables Tidal Turbine (SRTT) system is an innovative, free-floating, rotor-based, tidal current energy converter and was developed as the best means of extracting energy from tidal currents. Scotrenewables (Marine Power) Ltd awards contract for manufacture of 250kw Tidal Turbine (SRTT) prototype to Harland and Wolff.Harland and Wolff Heavy Industries Limited has been awarded the contract to build the latest cutting edge prototype tidal turbine by Orkneys-based Scotrenewables (Marine Power) Ltd.The 30m long 250kw device comprises two 8m diameter rotors. The prototype will be manufactured in Belfast before being deployed at the European Marine Energy Centre (EMEC) test facility in the Orkneys.

  11. Tidal Current Technologies • Company/Organization - Lunar Energy • Technology/Plant Name - Rotech Tidal Turbine • Technology Genre - Horizontal Axis Turbine - Ducted • Power take-off system – Pressurized Hydraulics Lunar Energy Power Limited - our mission statement is to produce new technological and environmental solutions to the problem of clean, carbon free electricity provision for the 21st century. Tidal Stream Energy - a renewable source of power which is created by harnessing the energy built up in the oceans currents by the gravitational pull of the moon and the sun – is our solution. A predictable, invisible and economic alternative. An alternative that responds to the urgent carbon emission problems highlighted by the Stern Review 2006. • PREDICTABLE • INVISIBLE • ECONOMIC

  12. Tidal Current Technologies

  13. Tidal Current Technologies • Company/Organization - TidalStream • Technology/Plant Name - Semi-Submersible Turbine • Technology Genre - Horizontal Axis Turbine • Power take-off system – Unspecified The Triton platform systems are:- • up to 10MW of turbine capacity • float-out installation and removal • on-board access for scheduled maintenance and unscheduled repairs, with minimal downtime • catamaran sea-going stability for the roughest conditions • cost of energy produced at or below that of offshore wind. • The Triton system has turbines mounted on semi-submersible spar buoys secured to a seabed anchorage by a rigid swing-arm tether. This gives a platform that can be towed to the site already assembled, then deployed to its operating position by simply water ballasting. • By de-ballasting, the system can be brought to the surface when required for annual maintenance – eg for defouling – or repair. • The Triton 3 platform is likely to be the first to be built at full scale, with three 20m diameter rotors and a 3MW rating.

  14. Tidal Current Technologies TRITON TIDALSTREAM

  15. Tidal Current Technologies • Company/Organization - Tidal Hydraulic Generators Ltd (THGL) • Technology/Plant Name - Tidal Stream Generator • Technology Genre - Horizontal Axis Turbine • Power take-off system – Pressurized Hydraulics

  16. Tidal Current Technologies Tidal Hydraulic Generators Ltd (THGL) was formed in 2000 with the aim of developing this and other tidal stream power generation technologies to commercialisation. The DTI supported project, which also has the backing of the Welsh Assembly, is being carried out in conjunction with the University of Cardiff and will result in the construction of a prototype device consisting of a seabed fixed frame supporting five turbines. Babtie Group, a Glasgow-based technical and management consultancy, has the contract to design the turbines. David Baird, the division’s managing director, said that if the project was successful there would be commercial potential for similar systems across Scotland in areas such as the Pentland Firth and the Mull of Galloway. • A tidal stream generator, often referred to as a tidal energy converter (TEC) is a machine that extracts energy from moving masses of water, in particular tides, although the term is often used in reference to machines designed to extract energy from run of river or tidal estuarine sites. Certain types of these machines function very much like underwater wind turbines, and are thus often referred to as tidal turbines. • Tidal stream generators are the cheapest and the least ecologically damaging among the three main forms of tidal power generation.

  17. Tidal Current Technologies • Company/Organization - Tidal Hydraulic Generators Ltd (THGL) • Technology/Plant Name - Tidal Stream Generator • Technology Genre - Horizontal Axis Turbine • Power take-off system – Pressurized Marine Renewable Energy is available in the waves and tidal currents of the coastal water around our shores. Marine Renewable Energy is clean and accessible with the right technology.

  18. Tidal Current Technologies • Tidal Energy Limited announces that Converteam UK Ltd has been awarded the contract for the design, manufacture and supply of the electrical power generation and conversion equipment forming part of the demonstration DeltaStream device. • The contractor’s scope of work will include the design and supply of the 1.2 MW, 11kV electrical power system, from the on-device generators to the point of grid connection. This will include three 400kW, 11kV generators, a full suite of shore side power conditioning equipment (switchgear, transformers and power conversion units), and the control and monitoring equipment.

  19. Tidal Current Technologies • Company/Organization - Tidal Generation Limited • Technology/Plant Name - Submerged Tidal Turbine • Technology Genre - Horizontal Axis Turbine • Power take-off system – Pressurized Tidal Generation Limited (TGL) is at the forefront in the design, development and manufacture of tidal stream turbines for the capture and conversion of tidal energy to electrical power. Based in Bristol (UK), TGL’s core business is the provision of equipment and maintenance services to tidal power developers world-wide. • TGL is are currently operating a 500kWe concept demonstrator unit at The European Marine Energy Centre (EMEC) Tidal site in Orkney. This has been generating since September 2010 and provides power for up to 300 homes. • TGL is also developing the next generation 1MWe tidal stream turbine, in a project partnership with the Energy Technologies Institute (ETI). This project aims to collect and publish significant data in order to further the tidal energy industry as a whole.

  20. Tidal Current Technologies • Company/Organization - Neptune Renewable Energy • Technology/Plant Name - Neptune Proteus Tidal Power Pontoon • Technology Genre - Vertical Axis Turbine • Power take-off system – Pressurized

  21. Tidal Current Technologies • Neptune Renewable Energy Ltd (NREL) is currently developing two second generation, commercially focussed technologies to exploit both the tidal and wave resource. These are, primarily, our Neptune Proteus tidal stream power device and NREL’s Neptune Triton, our shallow water wave power device. • NREL has developed and cost engineered the innovative Neptune Proteus NP1000, to achieve a target capital cost of less than £1m/MW. The NP1000 will generate 1000 MWh/year of electrical energy at protected estuarine sites with typical mean Spring tidal stream currents of less than six knots. These figures make the device very competitive with wind power generation and, unlike wind, tidal stream power is continuous and not intermittent. • NREL has built a full scale Proteus Demonstrator which was brought to the Humber in July 2010. Upon successful completion of trials with the Demonstrator, the world's first tidal stream power array, consisting of advanced NP1500s will be built and deployed during 2011-12.

  22. Tidal Current Technologies • Company/Organization - QinetiQ Ltd • Technology/Plant Name - Cycloidal Turbine • Technology Genre - Vertical Axis Turbine • Power take-off system – Permanent Magnet Generator A Cycloidal Wave Energy Converter is the adaptation of a Cycloidal Propeller or Turbine to a different purpose, which is to extract energy from ocean waves. A cycloidal Propeller or Turbine consists of one or more blades that are oriented parallel to a main shaft, and attached at a radius. While the geometry of a Turbine and WEC looks identical, the purp The Cycloidal Turbine and Propeller Cycloidal Turbines are currently being used as wind turbines, and are usually referred to as vertical axis wind turbines (VAWT) due to the orientation of their shaft. While they can operate as efficiently as the more common horizontal axis wind turbines, economic considerations favor the latter. In the marine industy, Cycloidal Propellers have been used for many years as propulsion devices for tug boats and ferries, and are commonly known as Voith Schneider Propellers.

  23. Tidal Current Technologies • Company/Organization - Robert Gordon University • Technology/Plant Name - SeaSnail • Technology Genre - Hydrofoil • Power take-off system – Unspecified Methods currently proposed for securing power generation equipment in a tidal stream are expensive and permanent, with a considerable environmental impact. The development of a conceptual design and simple mathematical model to include: • self-securing variable lift surfaces and in-built launch/recovery capabilities; • parametric design in full size virtual space with associated Finite Element and CFD analyses; • static and dynamic structural analyses to identify critical structural behaviour; • incorporation of a simple passive transition mechanism to accommodate a bilinear flow pattern; • design and fabrication of a suitably scaled prototype for short term sea trials; • assessment of likely environmental and social impacts on a near shore marine environment situated within a small island community.

  24. Ocean Wave Technologies • Company/Organization - Wavegen • Technology/Plant Name - Limpet OWC • Technology Genre - OWC - Onshore • Power take-off system – Air Turbine Voith Hydro Wavegen Limited is a wholly owned subsidiary of Voith Hydro, a Group Division of Voith AG with a workforce of around 2,500 employees and sales of over EURO 600 million in the past business year - Voith  Hydro is a world leader in the supply of hydro power equipment. • The challenge of renewable energy has been one of technology and of economics. It’s about • developing the technologies that allow us • to harness the energy and convert it into   electricity; and • doing this at a cost that’s at least equal to   or lower than the cost of generating electricity from non-renewable sources.

  25. Ocean Wave Technologies The Limpet unit on Islay has an inclined oscillating water column (OWC) that couples with the surge-dominated wave field adjacent to the shore. The water depth at the entrance to the OWC is typically seven metres.The design of the air chamber is important to maximise the capture of wave energy and conversion to pneumatic power.The turbines are carefully matched to the air chamber to maximise power output.The performance has been optimised for annual average wave intensities of between 15 and 25kW/m. The water column feeds a pair of counter-rotating turbines, each of which drives a 250kW generator, giving a nameplate rating of 500kW.

  26. Ocean Wave Technologies • Company/Organization - Wavegen • Technology/Plant Name - Limpet OWC • Technology Genre - OWC - Onshore • Power take-off system – Air Turbine Wave energy is the future and Orecon is making that future today’s reality. The oceans are a source of immense and limitless power. Orecon is here to harness that power and convert it into sustainable and affordable electricity. Orecon’s MRC has been designed specifically to do this. It’s a robust and reliable wave energy device that uses the best tried and tested components on the market. And it’s clean because respecting the oceans is as important to us as releasing the power within them. ORECon is a wave energy developer committed to the commercial success of the MRC1000 wave energy converter. This system has a simple method of capturing wave energy and converting it efficiently to electrical power.

  27. Ocean Wave Technologies • Company/Organization - Embley Energy • Technology/Plant Name - SPERBOY • Technology Genre - OWC - Onshore • Power take-off system – Air Turbine Embley Energy is developing marine energy technology that uses advanced concrete construction methods for lightness and durability. Bristol-based Embley Energy is developing marine energy technology that uses advanced concrete construction methods for lightness and durability.The company hopes to show that its wave-energy converter (WEC) Sperboy can compete with fossil fuels and other renewable energy sources. The buoy-like Sperboy uses the oscillating water column principle to generate power from wave action. As the buoy moves up and down on the waves, air is displaced from a chamber within it which then drives turbine-generators situated above.The team is using laminated concrete composites to lighten the unit and make it more cost-efficient. Also, concrete was chosen because at sea it far outlasts steel or similar materials.

  28. Ocean Wave Technologies 'The sole aim of the project is to develop a renewable source of energy which is affordable,' said Embley's Michael Burrett. 'The machine is very simple, with only one moving part, the turbines, and they are above the water line. This reduces the cost and, more importantly, enhances reliability and helps maintenance. With the devices as they are we do not envisage having to go back to maintain them at all,' he said.'The concept has been proven. The biggest challenge now is making the device commercially viable and reducing the mass.'According to Embley, it is the reduction in weight and maintenance that will dramatically reduce the normally prohibitive cost of marine energy generation. The absence of large quantities of invasive products such as oils and lubricants, coupled with minimal impact on seabed ecosystems, also makes the device more environmentally friendly.Sperboys are to be used in large deepwater arrays containing around 750 devices deployed eight to 12 miles offshore. This will create an offshore windfarm covering an area of nearly six square miles (15 sq km).The devices, which are expected to have a lifespan of around 50 years, will have an average weight of between 3,500 and 4,500 tonnes and are expected to generate over 250MW.

  29. Ocean Wave Technologies • Company/Organization – Offshore Wave Energy Ltd (OWEL) • Technology/Plant Name - OWEL Grampus • Technology Genre - OWC - Onshore • Power take-off system – Air Turbine OWEL Offers • Economic Extraction of Wave EnergyOWEL will generate electricity on a competitive basis • Straightforward DesignIndustry Standard Construction Techniques Reduce Cost and Improve Reliability • Robust and scalable design gives:Survivability in the marine environment and utility scale (multi-mw) power production. • Unique and patented technologyProtected in all likely deployment territories around the world. • Environmentally beneficialIt is fundamental to the ethos of OWEL that the machine is benign to flora and fauna. In addition the carbon offset from the green electricity produced will be positively beneficial to the global environment.

  30. Ocean Wave Technologies • Offshore Wave Energy Ltd. (OWEL) of the United Kingdom has begun a new phase of research into its Grampus wave energy converter, studying the geometric configuration of the device to optimize its performance. • OWEL’s Grampus device is to convert ocean wave energy into compressed air to drive a turbine and produce electricity. The Grampus unit consists of a tapered, horizontal duct floating on the ocean. As a wave enters the duct, air is trapped in the duct and is compressed between the wave and the stationary upper surface of the duct. This compressed air is taken from the duct through a valve and used to drive a conventional unidirectional turbine.

  31. Ocean Wave Technologies • Company/Organization – AWS Ocean Energy • Technology/Plant Name - Archimedes Wave Swing • Technology Genre - Absorber - Point • Power take-off system – Linear Generator • AWS Ocean Energy is a leading company in the wave energy industry. Headquartered in Scotland with abundant natural resources on our doorstep, we have taken an honest and pragmatic approach to creating smart wave power solutions. • Our technology is clean and deliverable, made possible by our innovative team and a rigorous approach to harvesting the potential of wave power. • AWS Ocean Energy has grown due to our applied combination of technology that works, diligence, and real wave energy expertise – all in the pursuit of practical, affordable energy. • Extracting large amounts of energy from oceans requires large engineering structures, which might disturb the marine ecological balance. The solution to the problem can be found in an Archimedes wave swing machine, which is a simple, effective mechanism for harnessing a large amount of wave energy. • According to Archimedes principle, when an object is emerged in a fluid, a force acts on the object which forces it upwards

  32. Ocean Wave Technologies

  33. Ocean Wave Technologies • Company/Organization – Trident Energy Limited • Technology/Plant Name - Trident Energy Converter • Technology Genre - Absorber - Point • Power take-off system – Linear Generator Trident's generators have been specifically designed for the offshore renewable industry. They are simple, efficient and offer significant whole life cost savings over standard hydraulic power take-off systems. Trident's direct drive linear generator power take off system provides an exceptional power output to cost ratio. The highly re-active electro-magnetic control system improves power conversion levels and enables dynamic device tuning on a wave by wave basis.

  34. Ocean Wave Technologies • Company/Organization – Ocean Navitas Ltd • Technology/Plant Name - Aegir Dynamo • Technology Genre - Absorber - Point • Power take-off system – Mechanical Ocean Navitas Ltd (navitas is Latin for ‘energy’) was incorporated in May 2006 . After 18 months of research into the field of renewable energy, instigated by James, it was concluded that energy extraction from waves and swells is the most efficient way of extracting free energy from our planet, and that existing methods of drawing on this source of power were flawed due to their inherent inefficiency. Vision is a world where there is an alternative to fossil and nuclear fuels which will see sustainable clean renewable energy helping to create a better environment for present and future generations. Power generation from ocean waves will play a vital role in this future, and the Aegir Dynamo™ wave energy converter will be key to its successful implementation.

  35. Ocean Wave Technologies

  36. Ocean Wave Technologies • Company/Organization – Edinburgh University • Technology/Plant Name - The Duck • Technology Genre - Absorber - Directional Float • Power take-off system – Pressurized Hydraulics The Duck is a crest-spanning, spine-mounted, slack-moored, deep-water, floating, electricity-generating, terminator. Tank tests showed that it could capture energy from regular waves with great efficiency. Development of 'smart' dynamometers using force-based transducers with analogue electronics showed how to get more and more power out of mixed and ever-changing sea-states. The final goal was to get near to the utopia of real-time 'complex-conjugate' control. The engineering challenge was how to build these ideas into a system that would convert the raw sea power into electric current suitable for grid connection and survive at sea. As the 'power-take-off' designs evolved, they gave birth to a new generation of high-pressure oil-hydraulics that now finds much wider application.

  37. Ocean Wave Technologies • Company/Organization – C-Wave Limited • Technology/Plant Name - C-Wave • Technology Genre - Inverted Pendulum • Power take-off system – Pressurized Hydraulics C -Wave mission is to deliver breakthrough business performance software and solutions to the world's leading organizations. C-Wave was founded on the simple belief that informed decisions are made from a basis of knowledge. Today's leading enterprises achieve breakthrough business performance by using C-Wave's next-generation technology, known for its ease-of-use, to create a sustaining competitive advantage. Mission: The mission of C-Waveis to satisfy our customers’ needs by providing the best development tools and the best technical support possible. We strive to ensure our products are state-of-the art, updating our product line to support the newest innovations in the reliability industry, as well as those in the computer industry.

  38. Ocean Wave Technologies

  39. Ocean Wave Technologies • Company/Organization – AquaMarine Power Ltd • Technology/Plant Name - Oyster • Technology Genre - Inverted Pendulum • Power take-off system – Pressurized Hydraulics Oyster technology to use the world's vast wave energy resource to produce clean sustainable electricity. Aquamarine Power’s Oyster wave power technology captures energy in nearshore waves and converts it into clean sustainable electricity. Essentially Oyster is a wave-powered pump which pushes high pressure water to drive an onshore hydro-electric turbine.

  40. Ocean Wave Technologies

  41. Ocean Wave Technologies • Company/Organization – Ocean Power Delivery; Pelamis Wave Power • Technology/Plant Name - Pelamis • Technology Genre - Other Wave • Power take-off system – Pressurized Hydraulics Pelamis Wave Power Ltd is the manufacturer of a unique system to generate renewable electricity from ocean waves. For energy companies, utilities and their customers, Pelamis machines offer the ability to unlock an immense clean energy resource with great potential. The Pelamis Wave Energy Converter is the result of many years of engineering development by PWP. It was the world’s first commercial scale machine to generate electricity to the grid from offshore wave energy and the first to be used commercially.

  42. Ocean Wave Technologies

  43. United Kingdom Made By – • Abhidesh – IX-C • Ram Hari – IX-C • Prashant – IX-C • Rishikesh – IX-C • Ankit – IX-C • Arshad – IX-C • Sarbjeet – IX-C

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