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The Human Body in Health and Disease

4. The Human Body in Health and Disease. Multimedia Directory. Slide 57 PET Scan Video Slide 60 MRI Video Slide 63 Ultrasound Video. Learning Objectives. Define and spell the word parts used to create terms for the human body.

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The Human Body in Health and Disease

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  1. 4 The Human Body in Health and Disease

  2. Multimedia Directory Slide 57 PET Scan Video Slide 60 MRI Video Slide 63 Ultrasound Video

  3. Learning Objectives • Define and spell the word parts used to create terms for the human body. • Identify the building blocks, organ systems, and cavities of the body. • Identify the anatomical planes, regions, and directional terms used to describe areas of the body.

  4. Learning Objectives (cont.) • Break down and define the important terms associated with the anatomy and physiology of the human body. • Define the introductory terms associated with medical terminology. • Identify the five major diagnostic imaging procedures.

  5. Word Parts • abdomin/o • anter/o • brachi/o • cardi/o • caud/o • cephal/o

  6. Word Parts (cont.) • cervic/o • chondr/i • cran/o, crani/o • cyt/o • dist/o • dors/o

  7. Word Parts (cont.) • femor/o • gastr/o • glute/o • hom/o, home/o • ili/o

  8. Word Parts (cont.) • infer/o • inguin/o • later/o • lumb/o • medi/o

  9. Word Parts (cont.) • organ/o • pelv/o • physi/o • pleur/o • poster/o • proxim/o

  10. Word Parts (cont.) • super/o • thorac/o • tom/o • umbilic/o • ventr/o

  11. Anatomy and Physiology • Anatomy • Physiology • Functions of the body • Homeostasis

  12. Anatomy and Physiology (cont.) • The Building Blocks of Body Structure • Cells • Tissues • Organs • Systems

  13. Figure 4.1Building blocks of the body. Complexity increases in the direction of the arrow.

  14. Anatomy and Physiology (cont.) • Atoms • Molecules • Organelles • Cells

  15. Anatomy and Physiology (cont.) • Tissues • Four main types of tissues: • Epithelial • Connective • Muscle • Nervous

  16. Anatomy and Physiology (cont.) • Organ • Maintains a certain shape • Performs a general function • Examples: stomach, brain, pancreas

  17. Anatomy and Physiology (cont.) • System • The body contains 11 systems • Each system performs a general function

  18. Table 4.1Systems of the Body

  19. Table 4.1 (continued)Systems of the Body

  20. Table 4.1 (continued)Systems of the Body

  21. Table 4.1 (continued)Systems of the Body

  22. Table 4.1 (continued)Systems of the Body

  23. Table 4.1 (continued)Systems of the Body

  24. Table 4.1 (continued)Systems of the Body

  25. Table 4.1 (continued)Systems of the Body

  26. Table 4.1 (continued)Systems of the Body

  27. Table 4.1 (continued)Systems of the Body

  28. Table 4.1 (continued)Systems of the Body

  29. Directional Terms • Directional terms • Anatomical position • Most directional terms each include one word root and one suffix. • Suffixes are either -ior or -al

  30. Word Roots Involving Direction • super • infer • anter • poster • medi

  31. Word Roots Involving Direction (cont.) • later • proxim • dist • ventr • dors • caud

  32. Directional Terms • Superior • Inferior • Anterior (ventral) • Posterior (dorsal)

  33. Directional Terms (cont.) • Medial • Lateral • Superficial • Deep • Proximal • Distal

  34. Planes Dividing the Body • Plane • Frontal or coronal plane • Sagittal plane • Transverse plane

  35. Figure 4.2 Body planes

  36. Regions of the Body • Regions of the Body • Head • Neck • Upper appendages • Trunk • Lower appendages

  37. Regions of the Body (cont.) • Regions may be broken down further such as the abdominal region within the trunk. • Abdominal region can be broken down in two ways – abdominal regions and abdominal quadrants

  38. Regions of the Body (cont.) • Abdominal Regions • Epigastric region • Hypochondriac regions • Umbilical region • Lumbar regions • Hypogastric region • Iliac regions

  39. Figure 4.3The abdomen and abdominal regions

  40. Abdominal Quadrants • Abdominal Quadrants • Right upper quadrant (RUQ) • Left upper quadrant (LUQ) • Right lower quadrant (RLQ) • Left lower quadrant (LLQ)

  41. Anatomical Terms (cont.) • Body as a Whole • Central trunk, or torso • Appendages, or limbs • Cavities • Viscera

  42. Body Cavities • Dorsal cavity • Cranial cavity • Spinal (vertebral) cavity

  43. Figure 4.4 Body cavities

  44. Body Cavities (cont.) • Ventral cavity • Thoracic cavity • Pericardial cavity • Pleural cavities • Mediastinum

  45. Body Cavities (cont.) • Ventral cavity • Diaphragm • Abdominopelvic cavity • Abdominal cavity • Pelvic cavity

  46. Medical Terms of the Human Body • Disease • Pathology • Pathologist • Diagnosis • Symptom

  47. Medical Terms of the Human Body (cont.) • Sign • Acute • Chronic

  48. Medical Terms of the Human Body (cont.) • Infection • Trauma • Prognosis

  49. Diagnostic Imaging • Diagnostic Imaging • Endoscopy • CT scan • PET scan • MRI • Ultrasound

  50. Endoscopy • Endoscope • Views internal anatomy on a monitor • May also contain surgical attachments that allow the physician to manipulate internal structures

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