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Data Initiatives at the Kauffman Foundation

Data Initiatives at the Kauffman Foundation. “Every individual that we can inspire, that we can guide, that we can help to start a new company, is vital to the future of our economic welfare.” — Ewing Kauffman. OECD Entrepreneurship Indicators Steering Group

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Data Initiatives at the Kauffman Foundation

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  1. Data Initiatives at the Kauffman Foundation “Every individual that we can inspire, that we can guide, that we can help to start a new company, is vital to the future of our economic welfare.” — Ewing Kauffman OECD Entrepreneurship Indicators Steering Group June 25-26, 2007

  2. Overview • A context for this work • Highlight National Academies report • Data available before the end of 2007 • Data initiatives in development • 2007 Kauffman Symposium on Entrepreneurship and Innovation Data

  3. A Context for this Work Research Policy Data Evaluation

  4. Research Policy • Centers • Large projects • Small projects • Conferences and seminars • Young scholars • Scholar-in residence Data Evaluation

  5. Research Policy • Council on Foreign Relations • Hudson Institute • Common Good • American Enterprise Institute • The National Academy of Sciences Data Evaluation

  6. Panel on Measuring Business Formation, Business Dynamics, and Performance Sponsored by the Ewing Marion Kauffman Foundation and conducted by the Committee on National Statistics Research Policy Data Evaluation

  7. Charge to Panel • Catalog existing business data infrastructure • Identify gaps in measurement of business dynamics • Identify gaps in measures in research on topics including business entry and exit, business adaptation and growth and the dynamics of young and small businesses • Develop recommendations for better use of existing data sources including better data integration and for new and improved collection of business data

  8. Recommendations • Expand data on young and nascent businesses • More effective use of existing data • Change the data sharing environment

  9. Expand Data on Young and Nascent Businesses Census and BLS should increase the sampling of younger business units in their business surveys. • Use business age as a stratifying variable in sample design. • Promptly capture new entrants in the business lists that serve as sample frames.

  10. Expand Data on Young and Nascent Businesses BLS and Census should expand their development of statistical programs that measure business formation and dissolution, business dynamics, and job creation and destruction • Business Employment Dynamics (BED) • Statistics of U.S. Businesses (SUSB)

  11. Expand Data on Young and Nascent Businesses Census and BLS should exploit their administrative-records data to produce public-release statistics with breakdowns of economic activity by business age. Readily available indicators of business age include: • Application date for Employer ID No. (EIN) • First period with positive revenues • First period with positive payroll

  12. Expand Data on Young and Nascent Businesses The Census Bureau should periodically add a module to the American Community Survey (or possibly the Current Population Survey) to identify nascent entrepreneurs. A method should be developed for linking this survey information with subsequent business identifiers in a longitudinal household-business data infrastructure so that transitions from nascent to active status (and vice versa) and from nonemployer to employer status (and vice versa) can be measured and studied.

  13. Expand Data on Young and Nascent Businesses The Census Bureau’s SBO should be conducted on an annual basis. The survey should include both a longitudinal component and a flexible, modular design that allows survey content to change over time. In addition, the Census Bureau should explore the possibility of creating a public-use (anonymized) SBO or a restricted access version of the data file.

  14. Recommendations • Expand data on young and nascent businesses • More effective use of existing data • Change the data sharing environment

  15. More Effective Use of Existing Data The Census Bureau should develop a fully integrated longitudinal household-business data infrastructure from administrative data to serve as a platform for tracking business formation, for integrating household and business survey data for measuring economic activity associated with the business formation process, and for developing samples for new surveys of business dynamics. The integration should include the master household address files, the job frame from linked employer-employee administrative records, and data for firms (including those with no paid employees, but with receipts) from the Census Bureau business register.

  16. More Effective Use of Existing Data BLS and the Census Bureau should jointly develop intermittent topical modules for their business surveys. These topical modules should be designed to allow periodic measurement in the same survey and with the same business sample of variables usually collected in separate surveys and at different frequencies.

  17. More Effective Use of Existing Data The Census Bureau and BLS should explore and actively pursue opportunities to acquire microdata sets—on venture capital investment, business financing, and small business lending—from commercial sources and from other government statistical agencies. Once acquired, these data sets should be integrated with existing business-level data sources at the Census Bureau and BLS to produce new public-release statistics on business activity by source and type of financing and to provide new tools for statistical analysis by qualified researchers.

  18. More Effective Use of Existing Data The Office of Management and Budget should investigate the possibility of developing a common taxonomy, based on the extensible business reporting language (XBRL) to allow common definitions to be used in surveys and administrative sources that can be automatically extracted from accounting and other business management software. In so doing, they should work with the statistical agencies, the Internal Revenue Service (IRS), accountancy organizations, and software providers. This will help meet the goals of paperwork reduction and may have applications for similar purposes beyond the statistical system.

  19. More Effective Use of Existing Data BLS and the Census Bureau should explore the possibility of continuous, real-time integration of payroll and employment data that are maintained by third parties into their systems; this could streamline data collection and, ultimately, possibly reduce respondent burden.

  20. More Effective Use of Existing Data BLS and the Census Bureau should cooperate under the auspices of the current and an enhanced Confidential Information Protection and Statistical Efficiency Act to create a reconciled, consolidated integrated business establishment list • Improve sampling efficiency • Improve data quality

  21. More Effective Use of Existing Data The quality of research based on business data produced by the statistical agencies would improve with greater interaction between outside researchers and businesses and the statistical agencies. Research that informs social and economic policy should be considered a valid reason for accessing confidential data. • Significant recent advances made on this front by Census and IRS

  22. More Effective Use of Existing Data It would be highly desirable if the business registers were available to federal agencies for the purpose of constructing sampling frames • e.g. Allow the SBA or Federal Reserve to have samples drawn from business register for samples for surveys they conduct

  23. More Effective Use of Existing Data BLS and Census should develop anonymized, public-use versions of their existing longitudinal business data sets. • Use synthetic data or other techniques that protect confidentiality of individual businesses. • Source material: • Longitudinal Database on Businesses (BLS) • Longitudinal Business Database (Census) • Integrated Longitudinal Business Database (Census)

  24. Recommendations • Expand data on young and nascent businesses • More effective use of existing data • Change the data sharing environment

  25. Change the Data Sharing Environment Measures should be taken to facilitate the expansion of CIPSEA to increase the kinds of information that could be shared among the statistical agencies for the purpose of reconciling the business list and for the design of special surveys

  26. Change the Data Sharing Environment Interagency sharing agreements should extend to data on nonemployers. Data on sole proprietors and partnerships must also be included, whether they have employers or not. • Precautions taken to ensure that this increase in sharing does not get used as an argument for further restricting access

  27. Full Report Read the executive summary http://papers.ssrn.com/abstract_id=985999 Browse additional sections http://books.nap.edu/openbook.php?isbn=0309104920

  28. Policy Research • Original data collection and demonstration • Data augmentation and matching • Systematic improvement of data infrastructure Data Evaluation

  29. Data Available Before the End of 2007 • Integrated Longitudinal Business Database   • Entrepreneurship Indicators – OECD and World Bank • Kauffman Angel Investor Performance Project • Kauffman Firm Survey • Kauffman Index of Entrepreneurial Activity   • National Minority Entrepreneurship Database   • Panel Study on Entrepreneurial Dynamics II

  30. Kauffman Firm Survey • Longitudinal study focused on financial and personnel development of young businesses • 4,931 new businesses in sample • 88% retention of cohort in year 2 • First two years of data available in November 2007 • Multiple versions of the data set, at differing levels of granularity, will be available • Year 3 data available spring 2008

  31. Data Initiatives in Development • Firm and Industry Evolution  • Gazelle Data   • General Social Survey • Kauffman Academic Entrepreneurship Survey  • National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) National Repository of Chapter 11 Filings • NBER Science and Technology Agents of Revolution     • Stanford Intellectual Property Litigation Clearinghouse     

  32. 2007 Kauffman Symposium onEntrepreneurship and Innovation Data • November 2 and 3, 2007 • Kauffman Foundation – Kansas City, MO, USA • 25 new or newly-updated data sets • 100 participants • Kauffman-funded initiatives, governmental representatives, other organizations • Registration has filled, but waiting list and electronic proceeding subscription are available • www.kauffman.org/datasymposium

  33. Kauffman Entrepreneurship Research Portal • www.kauffman.org/research

  34. Contact Us • Robert Litan, rlitan@kauffman.org, +1.816.932.1179 • Robert Strom, rstrom@kauffman.org, +1.816.932.1177 • E.J. Reedy, ereedy@kauffman.org, +1.816.932.1078

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