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Cellular Respiration All Organisms CH 2 O + O 2 CO 2 + H 2 O + Energy. Oxidizable Organic Molecule. Cellular Respiration All Organisms CH 2 O + O 2 CO 2 + H 2 O + Energy. Oxidizable Organic Molecule Aerobic & Anaerobic.
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Cellular RespirationAll OrganismsCH2O + O2 CO2 + H2O + Energy Oxidizable Organic Molecule
Cellular RespirationAll OrganismsCH2O + O2 CO2 + H2O + Energy Oxidizable Organic Molecule Aerobic & Anaerobic
Cellular RespirationAll OrganismsCH2O + O2 CO2 + H2O + Energy Oxidizable Organic Molecule Used Aerobic & Anaerobic Energy Currency:
Cellular RespirationAll OrganismsCH2O + O2 CO2 + H2O + Energy Oxidizable Organic Molecule Aerobic & Anaerobic Energy Currency: ATP
PhotosynthesisPhotoautotrophsC02 + H20 CH2O + O2 + H2O Oxidizable Organic Molecule Made Oxygen Produced Light Dependent CO2 split?
PhotosynthesisPhotoautotrophsC02 + H20 CH2O + O2 + H2O Purple Sulfur Bacteria: CO2 + H2S CH2O + S
PhotosynthesisPhotoautotrophsC02 + H20 CH2O + O2 + H2O Purple Sulfur Bacteria: CO2 + H2S CH2O + S Radioactive Isotopes (Plants): CO2 + H2O CH2O + O2 CO2 + H2O CH2O + O2
Development of Chloroplasts(circular DNA) • Protoplastid • Etioplast • Prolamellar body • (chromoplasts or • leucoplasts) • Chloroplast
PhotosynthesisPhotoautotrophsC02 + H20 CH2O + O2 + H2O Light needed to split water Pigment Molecules large complex molecules that can trap light energy
PhotosynthesisPhotoautotrophsC02 + H20 CH2O + O2 + H2O Light needed to split water Pigment Molecules PGAL C3 – 1st Food -> Glucose Starch Lipids Proteins recycled – CO2 acceptor RuBP C5
PhotosynthesisPhotoautotrophsC02 + H20 CH2O + O2 + H2O Pigment Molecules Chlorophyll a C55H72O5N4Mg Blue-green 4 tetrapyrole rings
Chlorophyll a Other Chlorophylls Chl b – Yell/Green Chl c Chl d
Carotenoids(lipids) Xanthophyll – yellow (has oxygen) Carotene – orange/yellow (lacks oxygen) Alpha & Beta
Phycobilins(straight-chain tetrapyrole group attached to a protein) Phycocyanin (bluish) Phycoerythrin (reddish) Phytochromes
Accessory Pigmentsother chlorophylls, xanthophylls, carotenes …….. • 1. Absorb light and pass it on to chlorophyll a. • 2. Prevents photooxidation of chlorophyll a.
Flavinoids(water soluble – all absorb UV light) Anthocyanins red-purple (indicator) Flavones UV light (bee guides) Aurones yellows
Betacyanins(water soluble – absorb some UV light) Contains Nitrogen Found in plant groups that do not produce anthocyanins: Chenopodiales – goosefoots, cactuses, portulacas. - Red/Yellow (indicator)
Chloroplast(Within the thylacoid the pigment molecules are precisely arranged and tightly packed.) Chlorophyll a electron transfer Reaction Center (1 in 300 molecules) Antenna Molecules Accessory Molecules-Photosynthetic Unit
Chloroplast(Within the thylacoid the pigment molecules are precisely arranged and tightly packed.)
Part of a Photosynthetic Unit Accessory pigments feed Reaction Center
Two types of PUs or Photosystems, Structured into the Thylacoid Membrane • Photosystem II 680 nm • more chl b • Photosystem I 700 nm • more chl a and carotenoids • Need both red wavelengths for enhanced photosynthesis • R. Emerson, 1950’s (Each system carries out certain reactions. Link by electron acceptors in Light Phase of Photosynthesis.)
Light Phase(If components arranged according to energy levels: Z-Pathway
Light Phase • Products: • 1. NADPH2 • 2. ATP • (OXIDIZABLE ORGANIC MOLECULES made in the Dark Phase of Photosynthesis.)
Light Phase Triazine Herbicide
Photosynthetic Carbon Reduction Cycle (PCR)(Ribulose 1, 5 –Bisphosphate Carboxylase – Rubisco– CO2 Trapping enzyme)
Oxidative Pentose Phosphate Cycle(Source of NADPH2 for lipid synthesis: RuMP (C5) for Nucleic Acid Production)Enzymes of the Photosynthetic Carbon Reduction Cycle (PCR) only function with light.