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The Birth of Greek Civilization. Ancient Greece was not a unified nation, but a collection of Greek city states and colonies. The colonies spread throughout the Aegean Sea, Asia Minor and Italy. All the colonies shared a common language—Greek.
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TheBirth of Greek Civilization Ancient Greece was not a unified nation, but a collection of Greek city states and colonies. The colonies spread throughout the Aegean Sea, Asia Minor and Italy. All the colonies shared a common language—Greek. All colonies shared a common culture and religion. The Greeks were sea-faring (traders) and relied on agriculture to survive.
Minoans, Mycenaeans, and Phoenicians The three cultures that influenced the development of Greek civilization
Minoans • A wealthy trading culture • 2,000 B.C. • Exported pottery, metal work, wine, and olive oil
The Mycenaeans • 1600 B.C. • Traded metals from the Greek mainland for the beautiful Minoan exports • Conquered Crete in 1450 B.C. and took over Minoa’s valuable trade • This civilization disappeared by 1100 B.C.
The Phoenicians • Located on the eastern Mediterranean (today's Lebanon) • Founded colonies around the Mediterranean • Developed the alphabet
Greek City-States • Shared a language & letters • Remained independent of each other • Each region had a Polis (city-state)
Polis A city-state in ancient Greece
Polis • Each polis was a nation of its own • Ruled by nobles who own land • Developed because land was isolated by mountains or water • Common language • Depend on one another to survive. • Met every year at a great athletic contest known as the Olympics.
Structure of the City-States (Polis) Acropolis Agora
ACROPOLIS • A large hill in ancient Greece where city residents sought shelter and safety in times of war and met to discuss community affairs • A fort stood at the acropolis. It also had temples to honor local gods.
Agora • A central area in Greek cities used both as a marketplace and as a meeting place.
Ancient Greece: Citizenship • Citizens: members of a political community with rights and responsibilities. • ONLY free and land-owning men born in the polis could be citizens.
Ancient Greece Citizens: Rights and Responsibilities • Male Citizen Rights • Vote • Hold public office • Own property • Defend themselves in court • Male Citizen Responsibilities • Serve in government • Fight for their polis as citizen soldiers
Citizenship: Women and Children • Women and children might qualify for citizenship, but they had non of the rights that went with it.
ReviewQuestions Greece was not a unified country. Instead it was a collection of what? What did the Greek colonies shared? What were the three cultures that influenced the development of Greek civilization? What is a polis? What did polis shared? When examining the structure of Greek city-states, all Greek polis had these two structures. What were they? Who could be citizens in the Greek city-states? List 2 rights of Greek citizens and list 2 responsibilities of Greek citizens. Could women and children be citizens?
Greek Government Ms. Elias iMater 2014-2015
The“Dark Age” (1100–800 BC) • What is the Dark Age? • After the “Dark Age” in Greece 3 forms of government developed: Monarchy Tyranny Oligarchy Democracy
Political Changes • At first there were kings (monarchy), butwealthy land owners took the power from the kings. • Owners of small farms dislike the nobles. • Common people supported tyrants—someone who seizes power ad rules with total authority. • Tyrants ruled until about 500 BC • From 336 BC, most city states were oligarchies or democracies.
Governments of the city-states Monarchy Democracy Tyranny Oligarchy
Monarchy Some city-states had a single ruler
Tyrant Is someone who sizes power and rules with total authority.
Oligarchy In some city-states, a small group of the richest and most powerful citizens controlled decision-making
Democracya government in which the citizens make political decisions