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The Birth of Civilization

The Birth of Civilization. What is a Civilization?. Groups of individuals are usually seen as civilizations But nomadic peoples are not seen this way Unless you are the Mongols Anyone not living in civilizations are often called barbarians

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The Birth of Civilization

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  1. The Birth of Civilization

  2. What is a Civilization? • Groups of individuals are usually seen as civilizations • But nomadic peoples are not seen this way • Unless you are the Mongols • Anyone not living in civilizations are often called barbarians • Barbarian originally comes from the ancient Greeks because any language that was not theirs sounded like BarBarBarBar to them

  3. What is a civilization? • If you have 4 or more of these symptoms you might be a civilization • Advanced cities • Food Surplus • Trade • Specialized workers • Complex institutions (usually religion) • Record keeping (writing) • Advanced technology (for the time) • Food surplus = increased population= expanded trade = expansion of society • This causes civilization and ideas to spread

  4. The Ancient Fertile Crescent The Middle East: “The Cradle of Civilization”

  5. Babylon to Bagdad • Play to Sargon

  6. Fertile Crescent • Mesopotamia – “land between the two rivers” • 1st Civilization developed between the Euphrates and the Tigris Rivers • The people are called Sumerians • People give some freedoms up for security and grain • By the way taxes are invented here. • Ur and Ururk are the 1st city states • The beginnings of “The Bronze Age”

  7. Sumerian Society • Developed city-states • A city state is simply a city which acts as its own country. • Hence “City” which is a city and “State” which is another name for country.

  8. Sumerian Religion - Polytheistic Innana Enki Belief in multiple gods and priests were at the top of the social ladder

  9. Tigress and Euphrates Rivers • Needed much labor which causes slavery b/c of conditions • Hard to navigate • Floods violently and unpredictably

  10. Because the Tigress and Euphrates are so difficult to deal with the gods of Samaria are also temperamental • Anyone who could placate these gods was considered AWESOME (priests) • Soon however kings would take top place in the city-states. • How?

  11. Fertile Crescent • It is fertile but that is about it. • It needed pretty much everything else non-agricultural from outside the area. That =TRADE

  12. Mesopotamian Trade “The Cuneiform World”

  13. Cuneiform:“Wedge-Shaped” Writing

  14. Deciphering Cuneiform

  15. Sumerian Scribes “Tablet House”

  16. Sumerian Cylinder Seals

  17. Mesopotamian Harp

  18. Board Game From Ur

  19. Sophisticated Metallurgy Skillsat Ur

  20. Cuneiform – 1st written language • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qOrfrHys8g8Animated story • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CmJEAw6LUxk Flood story

  21. Sumerian Society • Polytheistic – multiple gods • Wrote myths (Epic of Gilgamesh) – 1st literature • Women probably couldn’t attend school but had many other rights • Advances in mathematics • Number system based on 60 (60 seconds=1 minute)

  22. Sumerian Inventions • Writing - Cuneiform • Wagon wheel • Potter’s wheel (shape containers) • Number system • 12 month calendar • Metal plow • Sail • Some of the earliest known maps • New architecture • Taxes

  23. From Sumerians to Babylonians • The individual Sumerian city-states eventually fell (2000s BC) • These invaders were usually nomadic peoples that took over and then settled in the city as it usually happens in history. • Unless you are the Mongols • The Akkadians: • Sargon I (2300-2200 BC) unites all Mesopotamian cities (creates first empire) • Under Sargon I • Akkadians adopted Sumerian religion • Akkadians adopted Sumerian farming

  24. Kings From Babylon to Bagdad • to Hammurabi (optional) • Hammurabi DBQ after video

  25. Babylonian Empire • Amorites (2000-1600 BC) • Located in modern day Syria • Conquered many parts of old Sumeria (including Babylon) • Hammurabi--created a law code with harsh punishments • Hammurabi Stile • Borrowed heavily from Sumerian culture • After Hammurabi’s death Babylon declined

  26. Babylon to Bagdad to end ofNebuchadnezzar

  27. Hittites • Began to conquer Asia Minor (2000 BC) • A strong army with chariots • Conquered Babylon in 1595 BC) • Borrowed from Mesopotamian and Egyptian culture • Had a law code less harsh than Hammurabi’s • Lasted until about 1200 BC

  28. Assyrians • Started to gain strength about 900 BC • Powerful army • Treated conquered people cruelly • Large empire with good roads • Collapsed about 612 BC

  29. Chaldeans • Defeated the Assyrians in about 612 BC • Descended from Hammurabi's Babylonians • Burned Assyrian Capital and destroying the worlds 1st library • At its height during the rule of Nebuchadnezzar (605-562 BC) • Empire collapsed in 539 BC after being defeated by the Persians

  30. Chaldeans • At its height during the rule of Nebuchadnezzar (605-562 BC) • Spent a lot of money on Babylon • Built Hanging Gardens • Defeated the Jewish people and forced them out of Jerusalem. • Empire collapsed in 539 BC after being defeated by the Persians

  31. Egypt DBQ

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