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Broadcast Terminology

Broadcast Terminology. Not only do you need to look the part… You need to speak the part as well…. VO. Voice Over The reporter or anchor speaks over taped footage. These usually run :30 – but could be shorter. SOT. Sound on Tape

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Broadcast Terminology

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  1. Broadcast Terminology Not only do you need to look the part… You need to speak the part as well…

  2. VO • Voice Over • The reporter or anchor speaks over taped footage. • These usually run :30 – but could be shorter.

  3. SOT • Sound on Tape • This is what the person who was interviewed said… It’s the sound bite used in the story • These usually run :07-:15

  4. VO/SOT • Voice Over/Sound on Tape • This is video footage followed by an interview. • The reporter/anchor will be reading their script(voice)over the video… When the reporter/anchor completes their script the sot plays… • These usually run :45

  5. PKG • “Package” - a self-contained story • A PKG is a completely self-contained story with pre-recorded sots,b-roll (video), and reporter track (script)… • These usually run 1:30-2:30

  6. Rdr • Reader • This is when the anchor reads copy (script) with no video or sot… • This usually runs :20-:30

  7. Sound Bite • A quote used from a taped interview • Pretty much the same as a SOT

  8. Stand-up • The reporter speaks to the audience on camera. • These are typically used in a pkg. to bridge two points of the story together. • It can also be used to end a story • Only 1 stand-up per pkg.

  9. Nats • Natural Sound • Sound on tape that provides background noise • Examples: car starting, crowd cheering, dog barking

  10. B-Roll • Video footage that does not have audio except for the natural sound… • B-roll is used to help illustrate the story.. And to cover edits…

  11. Wallpaper • This is a derogatory term used to describe unreferenced video images or images that do not match the copy of the story.

  12. Push-In • The camera closes in on the subject… • This term indicates the camera moves closer to the subject.

  13. Zoom • This term is used when you use the tight and wide shots on the camera… • The camera doesn’t move – the lens moves • This is frequently used when a subject begins to say something with an emotional hook.

  14. Pull-Out • The camera retreats from the subject… • Opposite of Push-In

  15. Wide • Use a wide shot to get a wider shot of the subject

  16. Bumper • A video/audio segment that takes viewers into and out of segments of the show. (Like into and out of commercials). • NOT the music at the beginning and end of the show.

  17. White Balance • A step necessary to allow cameras to distinguish between colors. • Only used on the more advanced cameras…Canon GL-2 • If you don’t white balance your video will look blue…

  18. Jump Cut • A jump cut moves from one shot of the subject to another of the same subject with an obvious change of time and location… • This is bad!!!

  19. Cut Away • It is often used as an editing trick to avoid jump cuts between or during two separate sound bites • Between 2 interview segments, you insert the Stand Up…or something else.

  20. Trucking or Tracking • When the camera moves with the subject. Used when the reporter is walking. Not used often, but looks interesting if done right.

  21. Pan • Camera is rotated side to side focusing on at least 2-3 subjects. Not an effective news shot. • Can be used in filming big crowd scenes.

  22. Logging • Recording all the events and time codes from raw field tape.

  23. Time Codes • The beginning time for a portion of tape. • The ending time for a portion of tape. • To make editing easier.

  24. TRT • Total Run Time • The total time of a clip to be used. • Determined from the difference between the time codes.

  25. Script • The typed complete spoken copy of a show or a story. This includes voiceovers and sound bites.

  26. Copy • The words spoken during the show or story.

  27. Cold Open • Show begins with highlights from the upcoming show. It teases the viewer into watching.

  28. CG • Character Graphic • Lower Third-Chyron • This is the text that appears at the bottom of the screen identifying the speaker.

  29. Set • This is the studiobackdrop for your anchors… • The “in-studio” place where the news is broadcast. • If the anchors go away from this place – it’s called “On Location”

  30. Intro • Copy read by the anchor to introduce package.

  31. Tag • Copy read by anchor after package, vo/sot,vo, sot.

  32. Talent • Term used for all on-air (on-camera) staff.

  33. Mic Flag • Clip-on station logo for microphones • Generally plastic and square, microphones are inserted into mic flags that display the stations logo.

  34. Cue • 1 - To put a tape or sound segment to the beginning. • 2 - Official notification for the talent to begin. Usually done non-verbally following a countdown.

  35. Video Shots • Extreme Wide Shot- “XWS” • Wide Shot- “WS” • Medium Shot- “MS” • Close-up shot- “CU” • Extreme Close-Up Shot- “XCU” • Two Shot- “2 SHOT” framing 2 people.

  36. Most used shots: Wide, Medium and Close-up • If the shots move from WS to MS to CU as the scene progresses, the viewer will sense a growing intensity. • If one person is shown in a MS, the viewer will emotionally favor the person featured in CU. • The closer the shot, the more intimate or “warm” it is. The wider the shot, the more emotionally “cool” it is.

  37. Dissolve and Wipe • Dissolve: Gradual transition, end of one scene is superimposed over the beginning of a new one. • Wipe: One shot appears to “wipe” the preceding one from the screen. Like a windshield wiper.

  38. Stock • The correct name for the cool little film cartridge for the camera.

  39. Anchor • This is the person who reads the news from the Set or “on-location” place. • The Host.

  40. Reporter • The person who leaves the TV station and goes out and gets the news. • Usually takes a videographer with them.

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