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s/ePHENIX forward upgrade

s/ePHENIX forward upgrade. Jin Huang (LANL) for the PHENIX collaboration. h. g *. e ’. q. e. PHENIX collaboration actively pursue forward upgrade Wide spectrum of forward physics considered A upgrade path that supports pp, pA , ep , eA collisions Assuming EIC start at 2025;

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s/ePHENIX forward upgrade

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  1. s/ePHENIX forward upgrade Jin Huang (LANL) for the PHENIX collaboration

  2. h g* e’ q e Jin Huang <jhuang@bnl.gov> • PHENIX collaboration actively pursue forward upgrade • Wide spectrum of forward physics considered • A upgrade path that supports pp, pA, ep, eA collisions • Assuming EIC start at 2025; • On the path, hadron collisions benefit from upgrade starting ~2019

  3. h g* e’ q e EIC (Stage I) physics overview • Helicity structure function • SIDIS Sivers Asymmetries • DVCS EIC coverage/ world data comparison: Jin Huang <jhuang@bnl.gov> • Distribution of quarks and gluons and their spins in space and momentum inside the nucleon • Nucleon helicity structure • Parton transverse motion in the nucleon • Spatial distribution of partons and parton orbital angular momentum • QCD in nuclei • Nuclear modification of parton distributions • Gluon saturation • Propagation/Hadronization in nuclear matter • Outlined in EIC white paper, arXiv:1212.1701 • LOI charged to both PHENIX and STAR

  4. lepton lepton proton μ- μ+ pion proton p-p forward spin physics I - DY AN Semi-inclusive DIS (SIDIS) Drell-Yan One-year running projection proton Courtesy to M. Burkardt Jin Huang <jhuang@bnl.gov> • DY SSA (AN) gives access to, among others, quark Sivers effect (f1T⊥) in proton • f1T⊥ expected to reverse in sign from SIDIS to DY measurement, an important test for gauge-link understanding of TMD • Testing the size of TMD evolutions • Probing orbital motion of partons • Require forward di-lepton detection

  5. p-p forward spin physics IIJet Asymmetries • Separating origin of AN with Jet measurements Jet/photon left-right asymmetry Probes Sivers effect: parton level correlation between spin and transverse momentum Detector: require good jet reconstruction Left-right asymmetry of identified hadron inside jets Collins fragmentation: transverse quark spin → kT of hadron Probes: quark transversity and tensor charge Detector: + PID inside the jet Jin Huang <jhuang@bnl.gov>

  6. Forward physics in p-A collisions Kang, Yuan PRD84 (2011) 034019 Jin Huang <jhuang@bnl.gov> • Forward observables allows probe low-x region in nuclei • Hadron transverse spin asymmetry • Link between TMD and CGC framework, relates transverse single spin asymmetry to saturation scale • Allowed by unique capability of RHIC to collide polarized proton with ions and protons • Di-Jet measurement • Probe both flavors of distribution for gluon at low-x limits, G(1) & G(2)

  7. Forward physics in heavy ion collisions Jin Huang <jhuang@bnl.gov> With detection capability beyond Bjorken plateau: Correlation measurements → longitudinal expansion (3d-hydro) Direct photons → the expansion of the medium Extended (di-)jet coverage → jet energy loss in the medium Suppression measurements → test linear factorization Additional handle for critical point search

  8. Designing the next stage forward PHENIX e/sPHENIX forward workfest, Santa Fe, May 21-25 Jin Huang <jhuang@bnl.gov> • PHENIX has been planning upgrade programs aimed at both central and forward region • Central MIE sent to DOE by BNL Apr 2013 • Productive series of workfests hosted to brainstorm/develop forward detector designs • Recent workshops: May 2013 @ Santa Fe and July 2013 @ Japan/RIKEN • Current progress • Converging on detector concept designs • Performance quantified in first order • Developing GEANT simulation models • ePHENIX LOI writing committee formed, planned collaboration release at end of August

  9. arXiv:1207.6378, and updates Central rapidity Upgrade ? Jin Huang <jhuang@bnl.gov> • Use jets as a tool to investigate the constituents and dynamics of the sQGP in the region of strongest coupling through its transport coefficients • Detector package: Solenoidal field/Central silicon tracking/EMCal+Preshower/HCal • Steady progress • Started in 2009 with PHENIX decadal plans • Initial MIE submitted to BNL June 2012 • BNL administered review Oct 2012 • MIE sent to DOE by BNL Apr 2013 • Compatible with forward designs

  10. Forward detector design Goals and constraints Combined function magnet Quad 2 Quad 3 Electron quadrupoles 1.684 m 1.95 m 1.06m 0.845 m 1.0 m Ion beam neutrons 0.1107 m q=10 mrad 0.133 m 5 mrad q=10 mrad ZDC IP 12 10 14 16 8 6 4 3 2 q=4 mrad 1.9 cm (po/2.5) 4.50 m From D. Trbojevic e p/A 11.0364m Jin Huang <jhuang@bnl.gov> • Upgrade path that supports pp/pA/AA, then ep/eA physics • Jets, lepton and photons over a large range in rapidity (1<η<4) • Hadron PID in the forward region • Additional backward+central electron measurement in EIC stage • Compatible with central arm upgrade • Fit in the default IR for s/ePHENIX • IR limit in Z = 4.5m • Height limit of beam-rail of 4.5 m • No bending magnetic field on beam

  11. Recent development:Babar Magnet BaBar solenoid in its transfer frame, May 17 2013 Longer Magnet Babar Tracking resolution based on field calculation Babar magnet VS longer MIE sPHENIX magnet Jin Huang <jhuang@bnl.gov> • Cancelation of SuperB has made BaBar solenoid potentially available • Favor for forward tracking • Longer field volume (L x~2) • Higher current density at end of the magnet • Quantified by comparison to the default and extended sPHENIX solenoid • At ALD’s request, drafting an official letter to express interest in acquiring the magnet

  12. A detector concept – hadron collisions η~1 R (cm) R (cm) MuID η~-1 HCal HCal EMCal Aerogel & RICH EMCal& Preshower η~4 Central silicon tracking GEM Station2 z (cm) Silicon Station1 GEM Station3 GEM Station4 p p 3He p p A A A Forward field shaper (later slides) Numerical field calculation from POISSION shownCrosschecked with Opera/FEM and used in analysis of later slides Jin Huang <jhuang@bnl.gov>

  13. A detector concept – EIC collisions η~1 R (cm) R (cm) HCal η~-1 HCal EMCal -1.2 Aerogel & RICH EMCal & Preshower EMCal & Preshower μ-TPC η~4 GEM Station2 z (cm) GEMs GEMs Station1 GEM Station3 GEM Station4 DIRC p/A e- Jin Huang <jhuang@bnl.gov>

  14. Very forward tracking ideas probed: Specialized forward field considered B Beam line magnetic field shielding, based on superconducting pipe. Test device planned (Stony Brook Group) Jin Huang <jhuang@bnl.gov>

  15. One promising solution:Passive piston field shaper by C. L. da Silva B Track Jin Huang <jhuang@bnl.gov>

  16. Passive piston field shaper by C. L. da Silva Default Babar field With passive piston (Notice change in vertical scale) Piston area Jin Huang <jhuang@bnl.gov> • Advantage : • Significantly improved very forward field where Babar field is least effective • Simple implementation • Minimal interaction with Babar field and beam • Challenges that under study • Background shower from piston • Further improvement limited by total piston flux (may use silicon detector)

  17. Forward PID consideration Purity of hadron sample using CF4 RICH by T. Erdenejargal (U. Colorado) Purity • π • K • p Stat. limit Proton not firing RICH • dp/p = 0.5% x p assumed • Evaluated 10x250 EIC at η=3 Jin Huang <jhuang@bnl.gov> • Cherenkov detector for hadron ID • p<~10 GeV/c: aerogel radiator • p>~10 GeV/c: gas radiator • Statistical separation under study, considering • Photon fluctuation and detection error • Tracking resolution • Field bending (next slides) • Promising hadron PID capability demonstrated • EM Calorimeter • Restacking of the current PHENIX calorimeter • σ(E)/E ~ 8%/√E • Hadronic calorimeter • New iron scintillator sample calorimeter • Also serve as field return • σ(E)/E ~ 90%/√E • Other PID options under study • Stack of threshold Cherenkov detectors • High precision TOF detectors

  18. Estimating field distortion for RICH A RICH Ring: Photon distribution due to tracking bending only R • Field calculated numerically with field return • Field linesmostly parallel to tracks in the RICH volume • Field distortion of RICH ring only contribute to a minor uncertainty R < 52 mrad for C4F10 Dispersion ΔR <2 mrad EMCal GEM Station3 HCal Track RICH Jin Huang <jhuang@bnl.gov>

  19. Azimuthal difference VS ETrue Azimuthal Resolution VS ETrue Initial Jet response studywith EMCal + HCal by Mike M. 1<η<2 2<η<3 3<η<4 ErecoVS Etrue : Jin Huang <jhuang@bnl.gov> • Initial study of pointing resolution • 1<η<3: 0.01-0.03 (rad or η unit) • 3<η<4: ~0.05 (rad or η unit)

  20. On going simulation work PYTHIA 5x50 GeV e-p event in GEANT4 by C. Pinkenburg 30 GeV electron track and shower in hadron endcap, by C. L. da Silva Jin Huang <jhuang@bnl.gov> • 2D Field calculation using three tools and cross check • Opera/FEM/POISSION • Simulation implementation in Geant4

  21. Summary Jin Huang <jhuang@bnl.gov> • PHENIX collaboration actively pursue forward upgrade • Wide spectrum of forward physics and collision species considered • For pp/pA/AA collisions : multi-dimentional hadron structure, cold nuclear matter, critical point search and 3d-hydro • For EIC stage-I, ep/eA collisions: Nucleon helicity and multi-dimentional structure, Nuclear modification, Gluon saturation, Propagation/Hadronization in nuclear matter • Upgrade path for both hadron and EIC collisions • Fit into geometry constraint, no field on beam line • Converging on detector concept and upgrade path • Providing a large rapidity coverage and comprehensive PID capability • Quantifying detector performance

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