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Shampoo Chemistry. Flash Cards. QUESTION # 1. Anionic , cationic , nonionic , and amphoteric are the 4 major types of ___. ANSWER # 1. Surfactants. QUESTION # 2. The solvent water makes up _____ % of a shampoo. ANSWER # 2. 45-75 %. QUESTION # 3. Water containing a lot of
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QUESTION # 1 Anionic, cationic, nonionic, and amphotericare the 4 major types of ___.
ANSWER # 1 Surfactants
QUESTION # 2 The solvent water makes up _____ % of a shampoo.
ANSWER # 2 45-75 %
QUESTION # 3 Water containing a lot of ___ is called hard water.
ANSWER # 3 minerals that reduce the ability of soap or shampoo to form lather
QUESTION # 4 TRUE or FALSE Rain water is considered to be hard water.
ANSWER # 4 FALSE Rain water is considered to be soft water
QUESTION # 5 Hair cuticle cells will shrink and harden in what type of solution?
ANSWER # 5 Acidic
QUESTION # 6 What is the main ingredient in ‘natural’ soaps?
ANSWER # 6 • Plant oils, or • Animal fats
QUESTION # 7 Describe the interface where detergent works.
ANSWER # 7 The surface boundary where oil and water meet
QUESTION # 8 Name 4 organic acids
ANSWER # 8 • citric • lactic • malic • acetic
QUESTION # 9 What type of product is most likely to contain an amphoteric surfactant, and why?
ANSWER # 9 Baby shampoo b/c it is less irritating
QUESTION # 10 To what does the lipophilic end of a detergent molecule stick?
ANSWER # 10 oil
QUESTION # 11 What does a humectant do?
ANSWER # 11 Acts like a sponge and attracts new moisture to the skin
QUESTION # 13 Name 4 common plant oils used in soap making.
ANSWER # 13 • Coconut • Palm • Olive • Castor
QUESTION # 14 Ammonium lauryl sulfate, sodium lauryl sulfate, and sodium laureth sulfate are all common ___.
ANSWER # 14 surfactants or detergents
QUESTION # 15 What is unique about cationic surfactants?
ANSWER # 15 They have antibacterial properties
QUESTION # 16 What is the name of the ingredient that is added to a shampoo to counteract the effects of hard water?
ANSWER # 16 chelators
QUESTION # 17 What is unique about amphoteric surfactants?
ANSWER # 17 They can have either a (+) or a (-) charge.
QUESTION # 18 Why are coloring and fragrances added to shampoos and conditioners?
ANSWER # 18 b/c 90% of all shampoo and conditioner sales are based on smell and look, not on how well they work
QUESTION # 19 Why are proteins and protein derivatives added to shampoos ?
ANSWER # 19 To improve the texture and/ or elasticity (strength) of hair
QUESTION # 20 Name 2 types of substances used as thickening agents for shampoos and conditioners
ANSWER # 20 • Plant gums • Synthetic polymers
QUESTION # 21 Name 3 fatty acids
ANSWER # 21 • lanolin • Oleic • Stearic
QUESTION # 22 TRUE or FALSE Over time, the most damaging thing to your hair is repeated used of a blow dryer.
ANSWER # 22 FALSE Sunlight
QUESTION # 23 TRUE or FALSE Scalp sebum contains a lot of fatty acids b/c they make good conditioning agents.
ANSWER # 23 TRUE
QUESTION # 24 How dochelatorswork?
ANSWER # 24 The (-) ‘claw’ grabs ahold of the (+) metals in the hair …..it’s the attraction between (+) and (-)