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Theories of Architecture(EAPS4202) Lecturer 7 19 th Century Architecture (Part 3)

University of Palestine Faculty of Applied Engineering & Urban Planning Dept. of Architecture, Interior Design & Planning. Theories of Architecture(EAPS4202) Lecturer 7 19 th Century Architecture (Part 3) Functional Theory Dr. Hazem Abu- Orf. THEORY OF FUNCTIONALISM Mies Van Der Rohe.

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Theories of Architecture(EAPS4202) Lecturer 7 19 th Century Architecture (Part 3)

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  1. University of Palestine Faculty of Applied Engineering & Urban Planning Dept. of Architecture, Interior Design & Planning Theories of Architecture(EAPS4202) Lecturer 7 19th Century Architecture (Part 3) Functional Theory Dr. Hazem Abu-Orf Prepared by Dr. Hazem Abu-Orf, 28.03.2009

  2. THEORY OF FUNCTIONALISM Mies Van Der Rohe His thought revolved around 4 particular themes as follows: • The impact & importance of glass through which Mies defines Architecture as a Melody comprised of steel & glass; • The composition of the building in horizontal layers as an expression of its inner structure; • The house is developed and/or organized in accordance with its inner function; and • The external walls have actually no structural function. Prepared by Dr. Hazem Abu-Orf, 28.03.2009

  3. THEORY OF FUNCTIONALISM Mies Van Der Rohe • Le Courbusier: • Starts from a very basic geometric shape that is as significant as function. • Mies Van DerRohe: • Considers “function” very essential from which “form”/shape should actually evolve. Prepared by Dr. Hazem Abu-Orf, 28.03.2009

  4. THEORY OF FUNCTIONALISM Mies Van Der Rohe • The design does overall emphasize originality & being distinguished • Reflects the means of freedom that has been bound by conditions imposed shortly after the 1st WW. • Space: • Free and flowing space divided only by free standing walls; • services. Apartment houses at Lake Shore Drive in Chicago • In the latest buildings, Mies reduced partitions to establish the term of “ one room theory” (Universal Space) using inverted beams; and • In apartment buildings, a separation between living area and bed rooms should be there in the design by having “ fixed elements”: such as • Form: • Developed new form that actually exist in spatial expression; • Materials: steel and glass, both of key consideration while using other materials in different colors; • The absence of any decorative treatment is fundamental; • Simplicity in form “ Less is more “ , and purity of form; (It does not mean the simplicity of no design but simplicity is a result of knowing the true solution towards approaching a good piece of architecture)and • Proportion is one of the classic solution of the modern buildings. Prepared by Dr. Hazem Abu-Orf, 28.03.2009

  5. THEORY OF FUNCTIONALISM Mies Van Der Rohe • Seagram Tower Iron elements are on display in the elevation The building emphasizes transparency through the use of glass Prepared by Dr. Hazem Abu-Orf, 28.03.2009

  6. THEORY OF FUNCTIONALISM Mies Van Der Rohe • Crown Hall Free interior space achieved by structural system above the roof The entrance is accessible through a classical stair located between the 2 sides of the structural system. Prepared by Dr. Hazem Abu-Orf, 28.03.2009

  7. THEORY OF FUNCTIONALISM Mies Van Der Rohe • Fransworth House The building has 2 surfaces, the floor & the ceiling. The rest is virtually empty except the 6 columns that connects the floor surface with the roof. Prepared by Dr. Hazem Abu-Orf, 28.03.2009

  8. THEORY OF FUNCTIONALISM Conclusion • Objections : • Simplicity and absence of ornaments (The coldness of buildings) . • Repetition of building models and the absence of individuality and character. • If this architecture suitable for Western long – lasted traditions. • Found in the best buildings and in the bad buildings , therefore, it could not be considered as a judge when evaluating. • As far as architecture is concerned, there are many solutions and all of them are indeed functional. Prepared by Dr. Hazem Abu-Orf, 28.03.2009

  9. THEORY OF FUNCTIONALISM Conclusion • Reasons for spread out regardless of objections: • Intellectual movement with many benefits • Detailed and exact analysis • Freed designers from traditions and imitation. • There was no better than such concept at the time • The bad need for utility ideas, especially after the War • Encouraged the level of architectural design and accordingly architects could design ‘good’ works • Separate and reject wrong design (such as radio and TV ), it proves the truth behind design. • There are many alternatives for the same issue and all of them are actually functional. Prepared by Dr. Hazem Abu-Orf, 28.03.2009

  10. THEORY OF FUNCTIONALISM • Salivan: Form follows function, the function of the form is its source for existence • Frank Loyed Right: Form & function are one • Walter Gropious: has made a call for functionality in architecture but rejects being functional • Le Courbusier: has believed in the new faith of architecture in modern times and provides architects with three elements to remember when designing: form, surface and floor plans Le Courbusier considers ornament as a crime, as architecture has more serious goals to achieve , like the perfect play of various shapes in the design Prepared by Dr. Hazem Abu-Orf, 28.03.2009

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