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Nomenclature

Nomenclature. Iso, Tert, cis, trans, -ane, -ene, -yne Part III. Branched Chains. Primary carbons are bound to only one other carbon. A Secondary carbon is bound to two carbons. A tertiary carbon is bound to three carbons. A Quarternary carbon is bound to 4 carbons. Branched carbons.

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Nomenclature

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  1. Nomenclature Iso, Tert, cis, trans, -ane, -ene, -yne Part III

  2. Branched Chains • Primary carbons are bound to only one other carbon. • A Secondary carbon is bound to two carbons. • A tertiary carbon is bound to three carbons. • A Quarternary carbon is bound to 4 carbons.

  3. Branched carbons • When a secondary carbon from a single carbon group is bound to a secondary carbon in a chain, it forms an iso- group. • Isopropyl group • Iso butyl group

  4. Tert groups • When the carbon group is bound to the tertiary carbon, it is a tert group. • Only one tert group, tert butyl, uses that name.

  5. Naming branched groups • For groups larger than Isopropyl and Tert Butyl; select the longest chain in the group. • The first carbon is the one bound to the primary carbon chain. • Follow IUPAC Rules • That name is then entered in parentheses.

  6. Continued • Alphabetically: if the prefix is hyphenated such as sec- tert-, then it is not included in the alphabetizing. • If not hyphenated, such as Isopropyl, then it is part of the word and is included in the alphabetizing.

  7. Cyclo Alkanes • The name is the alkane preceded by the prefix cyclo-

  8. Cis and trans • In chains of alkanes, the atoms are free to rotate. • In cyclo alkanes, the atoms no longer have the freedom to rotate. • This creates cis and trans isomers.

  9. In a cyclo alkane • The cis form has both functional groups in the same plane • The trans form has the two functional groups in opposite planes.

  10. Cis & Trans

  11. Single Double & Triple Bonds • When all the carbons have single bonds the chain name ends in –ane. • Of the chain contains one double bond, the chain ends in -ene

  12. Examples: ethene C2H4 propene C3H6 You can work out the formula of any of them using: CnH2n Alkenes are hydrocarbons containing a carbon-carbon double bond. The table is limited to the first two, because after that there are isomers which affect the names. Naming Alkenes

  13. Larger than propene • In the longer carbon chains, it is necessary to identify the position of the double bond. • Is it 1-butene • or 2-butene • Or 3-butene?

  14. Isomers with double bonds. • Yes Cis & Trans are back!! • With double bonds the molecule is unable to spin. • This leads to cis & trans isomers.

  15. What about triple bonds? • The longest carbon chain, which now ends in –yne

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