Chapter 7 Review

1. Chapter 7 Review

2. ____________ amnesia is the inability to form memories for new information while ____________ amnesia is the inability to recall old memories before an accident, trauma, etc. • Anterograde; retrograde

3. What are the three categories of long-term memory? • Semantic, episodic, procedural

4. _________ rehearsal is to simply repeating information to keep it in working memory while _______ rehearsal is to actively reviewing info and making connections. • Maintenance; elaborative

5. What is the capacity and duration of STM and LTM? • 20 seconds and 5-9 items; limitless & limitless

6. ________ memory is to visual sensory memory that lasts ¼ of a second, while ______ memory is auditory memory that lasts 3-4 seconds. • Iconic; echoic

7. Please give an example of a flashbulb memory. • JFK assassination, 9/11, etc…

8. _________ memory is to memories that you did not deliberately learn, while ________ memory is to memories that have purposely been learned and recalled. • Implicit; explicit

9. _______ is when you must reproduce previously learned material while _______ is when you must identify present stimuli that have already been presented. • Recall, recognition

10. Information that is more thoroughly connected to meaningful items in LTM will be remembered better. • Levels-of-processing theory

11. Hermann Ebbinghaus found that the amount of forgetting information just learned drops dramatically at first and then becomes stable. This is called… • The forgetting curve

12. ________ interference is the blocking of old information by new, while ______ interference is the blocking of new information by old. • Retroactive; proactive

13. According to the serial position effect, you will have the most trouble recalling information in the _____ of a list. • Middle

14. You were a witness to a crime. The police officer asked how tall the man was that robbed the store. You answer 6 feet tall and then describe the man that way when telling the story later. In reality, the robber was a woman. What just happened? • Misinformation effect or expectancy bias

15. Who is the psychologist that believed we are born with a language acquisition device that helps facilitate the rapid learning of language? • Noam Chomsky

16. The smallest meaningful units of language are _______ and the smallest units of sound in language are _______. • Morphemes; phonemes

17. “After we saw the gooses at the zoo, Timmy got in a fight with Jimmy and hitted him.” What is this? • Overregularization

18. _____ concepts are mental representations of objects and events based on direct experiences while _______ concepts are based on definitions, rules, and formulas. • Natural; artificial

19. When solving an algebra problem with a formula, I am using a(n) ____________. If I am trying to figure out who to marry, I will most likely use a(n) ___________ instead. • Algorithm; heuristic

20. My dad didn’t need a coffee filter when he couldn’t find one in my kitchen. He used a paper towel instead. He was NOT experiencing _________. • Functional fixedness

21. The _______ bias causes us to ignore or find fault with information that we don’t agree with, while the _______ bias causes us to think that we could have known the outcome of an event in advance. • Confirmation; hindsight