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Review for retake. Soils, Agriculture, and Forests. Forest ecosystem includes:. Large carnivores Small carnivores Herbivores Plants Fungi Detritivores Microorganisms including bacteria. Watershed before and after logging. Before logging. After logging. Sustainable use of forests.
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Review for retake Soils, Agriculture, and Forests
Forest ecosystem includes: • Large carnivores • Small carnivores • Herbivores • Plants • Fungi • Detritivores • Microorganisms including bacteria
Watershed before and after logging Before logging After logging
Sustainable use of forests • Selection systems • More sustainable • Allow uneven-aged stand management • Cuts small groups of medium and large trees at one time
Review the components of soil and their characteristics: • Sand • Silt • clay • humus
Industrialized agriculture • Fossil fuel – powered • Monocultures • GMOs • irrigation • More food from the same space • Can damage soils over a long time period THE GREEN REVOLUTION
Government oversight of soils and forests • Pages 246 + - soil degradation • Also review the • National Forest Management Act of 1976 • Ensures the multiple use of forests and sustainable timber yields • Healthy Forests Restoration Act • Intent was to reduce forest fires; timber companies encouraged to remove underbrush, dead wood
SWAMP LANDS ACTS • 1849 – 1860 • Encouraged the conversion of swamp lands to agricultural lands • Swamps were considered “unhealthy”, and “useless” • Swamps are now usually called wetlands, and are known to provide valuable ecosystem services including water purification and aquifer recharge