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CELL GROWTH AND DIVISION

CELL GROWTH AND DIVISION. A. CELL GROWTH . CELLS ARE DESTINED TO STAY SMALL SURFACE AREA TO VOLUME RATIO CELL DIVISION ALLOWS CELL SIZE CONTROL CELL DIVISION PRODUCES DAUGHTER CELLS CANCER IS CELL DIVISION OUT OF CONTROL. B. CELL DIVISION.

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CELL GROWTH AND DIVISION

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  1. CELL GROWTH AND DIVISION

  2. A. CELL GROWTH • CELLS ARE DESTINED TO STAY SMALL • SURFACE AREA TO VOLUME RATIO • CELL DIVISION ALLOWS CELL SIZE CONTROL • CELL DIVISION PRODUCES DAUGHTER CELLS • CANCER IS CELL DIVISION OUT OF CONTROL Biology is Best!

  3. B. CELL DIVISION • THE DIVISION OF EUKARYOTIC CELLS OCCURS IN TWO STAGES • MITOSIS- NUCLEAR DIVISION • CYTOKINESIS- CYTOPLASMIC DIVISION Biology is Best!

  4. 2. CELL DIVISION IDEALLY INVOLVES PRECISE DUPLICATION OF THE ORIGINAL CELL TO FORM THE TWO DAUGHTER CELLS • 3. THE CELL DNA MUST BE ACCURATELY DUPLICATED AND DIVIDED Biology is Best!

  5. 4. THE DNA OF THE CELL MAKES UP THE CHROMATIN/CHROMOSOMES OF THE CELL’S NUCLEUS. Biology is Best!

  6. 5. EUKARYOTIC CELL CHROMATIN AND CHROMOSOMES CONTAIN DNA AND PROTEIN (HISTONES). • 6. DIFFERENT ORGANISMS HAVE CHARACTERISTIC CHROMOSOME NUMBERS. Biology is Best!

  7. Biology is Best!

  8. C. CELL CYCLE • 1. THE CELL CYCLE REPRESENTS THE CONTINUOUS SEQUENCE OF EVENTS IN THE LIFE CYCLE OF A CELL. • 2. CELL CYCLES ARE OBSERVED IN ONLY EUKARYOTIC CELLS Biology is Best!

  9. 3. PHASES OF THE CELL CYCLE A. G1 PHASE- PERIOD OF CELL GROWTH. NERVE AND MUSCLE CELLS STAY HERE FOREVER. B. S PHASE- SYNTHESIS PHASE IN WHICH DNA IS REPLICATED C. G2 PHASE- SECOND GROWTH PHASE Biology is Best!

  10. D. M PHASE- THIS STAGE INVOLVES MITOSIS OR NUCLEAR DIVISION. IT INVOLVES CYTOKINESIS AS WELL. Biology is Best!

  11. Biology is Best!

  12. E. STAGES OF MITOSIS 1. SHIPMATE MINUS SHE 2. INTERPHASE, PROPHASE, METAPHASE, ANAPHASE AND TELOPHASE 3. BOARD DRAWING OF A DOUBLED CHROMOSOME WITH ITS ADJOINING CENTROMERE Biology is Best!

  13. Biology is Best!

  14. 4. INTERPHASE INCLUDES THE GROWTH AND SYNTHESIS PHASES OF THE CELL CYCLE. IT IS THE PERIOD WHEN THE CELL IS PERFORMING ITS APPOINTED DUTIES. Biology is Best!

  15. 5. PROPHASE BEGINS NUCLEAR DIVISION. CHROMATIN CONDENSES INTO CHROMOSOMES AND BECOMES VISIBLE. IT IS OFTEN THE LONGEST PHASE OF MITOSIS. CENTRIOLES SEPARATE IN ANIMAL CELLS AND A SPINDLE OF MICROTUBULES FORMS. Biology is Best!

  16. 6. METAPHASE OCCURS WHEN THE CHROMOSOMES ARE ALIGNED AT THE EQUATOR OF THE CELL. THE NUCLEAR MEMBRANE IS ABSENT AND EACH CENTROMERE HAS A SPINDLE ATTACHED TO IT. THIS IS USUALLY THE SHORTEST PHASE OF MITOSIS. Biology is Best!

  17. 7. ANAPHASE BEGINS WHEN THE CENTROMERES SPLIT, THUS ALLOWING SISTER CHROMATIDS TO MOVE TOWARD OPPOSITE POLES OF THE CELL. Biology is Best!

  18. 8. TELOPHASE IS THE FINAL STAGE OF MITOSIS. THE SEPARATED COPIES OF CHROMOSOMES ARE AT OPPOSITE POLES OF THE CELL. THE CHROMOSOMES BEGIN TO UNCOIL, THUS REFORMING CHROMATIN. THE NUCLEAR MEMBRANE REAPPEARS. Biology is Best!

  19. 9. CYTOKINESIS THEN OCCURS. IN PLANT CELLS A CELL PLATE FORMS AND SEPARATES THE TWO NUCLEI. IN ANIMAL CELLS A CLEAVAGE FURROW OCCURS AND SEPARATES THE TWO NUCLEI. THE END RESULT IN BOTH IS TWO SEPARATE, IDENTICAL DAUGHTER CELLS. Biology is Best!

  20. THE END! Biology is Best!

  21. Biology is Best!

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