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Main structures Nose and nasal cavity Pharynx Larynx Trachea Bronchial tree Lungs

Main structures Nose and nasal cavity Pharynx Larynx Trachea Bronchial tree Lungs. Respiratory System BY DR. HEMANT UNE. Conducting Zone. Nose to bronchioles Conduct air Warm Moisten Cleanse. Respiratory zone. Respiratory bronchioles Alveolar ducts Alveolar sacs Respiration

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Main structures Nose and nasal cavity Pharynx Larynx Trachea Bronchial tree Lungs

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  1. Main structures Nose and nasal cavity Pharynx Larynx Trachea Bronchial tree Lungs Respiratory SystemBYDR. HEMANT UNE

  2. Conducting Zone • Nose to bronchioles • Conduct air • Warm • Moisten • Cleanse

  3. Respiratory zone • Respiratory bronchioles • Alveolar ducts • Alveolar sacs • Respiration (=exchange of gases)

  4. Nasal cavity • External nares (nostrils) • Nasal septum • Mucous membrane • Posterior nasal aperture (internal nares)

  5. Bones of the nasal cavity • Roof – ethmoid & sphenoid • Floor – maxillary & palatine • Nasal septum – ethmoid & vomer • Lateral wall – ethmoid, inferior nasal concha, & palatine

  6. Regions of the nasal cavity • Vestibule – skin • Olfactory mucosa • Receptors for smell • Olfactory nerves through cribriform plate

  7. Regions of the nasal cavity • Respiratory mucosa • PSCC • Goblet cells • Mucous • Antibacterial • Traps dust, etc. • Moistens air • Transported by cilia

  8. Pharynx • Skeletal muscle tube • Respiratory & digestive systems

  9. Nasopharynx • Posterior to nasal cavity • PSCC – air only • Pharyngeal tonsil (adenoids) • Auditory tube

  10. Oropharynx • Posterior to oral cavity • Stratified squamous epithelium • Air & swallowed food • Palatine tonsils • Lingual tonsils

  11. Laryngopharynx • Posterior to larynx • Stratified squamous epithelium • Air & swallowed food

  12. Larynx • C4-C6 vertebral levels • Attached to hyoid • Functions • Speech • Air pathway • Swallowing

  13. Laryngeal cartilages • Thyroid cartilage • Cricoid cartilage • Epiglottis

  14. Vocal cords • Vocal folds/cords = vocal ligaments covered by mucosa

  15. Trachea • Larynx to bronchi (C6-T7) • Air passageway

  16. Tracheal wall • 16-21 C-shaped hyaline cartilage rings • Trachealis muscle (sm.mus.)

  17. Tracheal wall • PSCC • Lamina propria • Seromucous glands • Cartilage

  18. Bronchial tree • 1 bronchi • 2 bronchi • 3 bronchi • ~23 branches

  19. Bronchioles • <1 mm diameter • Terminal bronchioles • <0.5 mm diameter • Respiratory bronchioles • Scattered alveoli

  20. Alveolar ducts • Continuous alveoli • Atrium • Leads to alveolar sacs

  21. Alveolar wall • Respiratory membrane • Type I cell • Simple squamous epithelium • Basal lamina (shared) • Endothelium of capillary

  22. Alveolar wall • Type II cell • Secretes surfactant • Begins at birth • Alveolar macrophages • Dust cells

  23. Pleura • Serous membrane • Parietal pleura • Lines thoracic cavity • Visceral pleura • Covers lungs • Pleural cavity • Pleural fluid • Lubrication

  24. Gross anatomy of the lungs • Apex • Deep to clavicle • Base • On diaphragm • Pneumothorax – air in pleural cavity

  25. Gross anatomy of the lungs • Costal surface • Next to rib cage • Mediastinal surface • Medial • Hilus

  26. Blood supply to the lungs • Pulmonary arteries • Deoxygenated blood from R ventricle • Pulmonary veins • Oxygenated blood to L atrium R L

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