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Discovery of the Cell, Prokaryotes vs. Eukaryotes, and Cell Size

Discovery of the Cell, Prokaryotes vs. Eukaryotes, and Cell Size. CELLS: PROKARYOTIC VS. EUKARYOTIC. Cells have evolved two different architectures: prokaryote “style” eukaryote “style”. 1. Prokaryote cells are smaller and “simpler”. bacteria

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Discovery of the Cell, Prokaryotes vs. Eukaryotes, and Cell Size

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  1. Discovery of the Cell,Prokaryotes vs. Eukaryotes, and Cell Size

  2. CELLS: PROKARYOTIC VS. EUKARYOTIC Cells have evolved two different architectures: prokaryote “style” eukaryote “style”

  3. 1. Prokaryote cells are smaller and “simpler” • bacteria • range in size, smaller than human cells (10-100 microns in size) • single-celled (unicellular) • filamentous (strings of single cells)

  4. E. coli These prokaryotes are on the head of a steel pin.

  5. 2. Prokaryote cells are simply built Outside (slide 1 of 2) capsule: slimy outer coating cell wall: tougher middle layer cell membrane: delicate inner skin pili: for sticking to things flagellum: for swimming

  6. 2. Prokaryote cells are simply built Inside (slide 2 of 2) cytosol: inner liquid DNA: is in one big loop ribosomes: for building proteins

  7. 3. Prokaryote lifestyle unicellular: all alone colony: forms a film filamentous: forms a chain of cells

  8. 4. Prokaryote feeding • Autotrophic • photosynthetic: energy from sun (ex. cyanobacteria) • Heterotrophic • disease-causing: feed on living things (parasitic, ex. Staphylococcus aureus) • decomposers: feed on dead things (saprotrophic, recycle nutrients in an ecosystem)

  9. 5. Eukaryotes are bigger and more “complicated” • Eukaryotes • have membrane-bound organelles • have chromosomes • unicellular or multicellular • include animal and plant cells

  10. Prokaryotes Eukaryotes Advantages of each kind of cell architecture simple and easy to grow can specialize fast reproduction multicellular very similar can build large bodies

  11. What is the deal with cell size?

  12. Relative Size

  13. Lab Activity Investigation of Surface Area and Volume

  14. The Discovery of the Cell A historical look into the discovery of the cell

  15. 1. Robert Hooke • English scientist • 'Micrographia’ (1665) • studied bark/cork – dead cells, opaque • studied small invertebrates • proposed that plants and fungus had cells

  16. 2. Anton van Leeuwenhoek • Dutch, 1673 • Skilled lens grinder • improved microscope to 200x • “Father of the Modern Microscope” • studied: bacteria, protistsunicellular organisms, blood, skin, sperm • proposed that all animals have cells

  17. Development of Cell Theory Between the Hooke/Leuwenhoek discoveries and the mid-19th century, very little cell advancements were made for 150-200 years.

  18. 3. Schleidenand Schwann Matthias Schleiden Theodore Schwann German zoologist In 1839 confirmed: All animal tissues are made of cells • German botanist • In 1838 confirmed: • All plants are made of cells

  19. German physician • research in cellular pathology • In 1858 confirmed: • CELLS MUST ARISE FROM PRE-EXISTING CELLS 4. Rudolf Virchow

  20. 5. The Cell Theory E.colicells • Cells are the basic unit of life. (Schleiden & Schwann, 1839) • All living things are made of cells. (Schleiden & Schwann, 1839) • All cells come from pre-existing cells. (Virchow, 1855) The Cell Theory still holds true today. Animal liver cell Plant cell

  21. Timeline for the Discovery of Cells • 1590 • Hans and Zacharias Jansen constructed the first crude compound microscope. • 1665 • Robert Hooke looked at a slice of cork under a compound microscope and discovered the cork was made up of small “boxes” that he named cells. • 1680 • Anton von Leeuwenhoek and his microscopic creatures that he named “Animalcules.” • 1838 • Matthias Schleiden studied plant tissue under a microscope and discovered all plants were composed of “cells”. • 1839 • Theodor Schwann studied animal tissue under a microscope and found that animals were also composed of cells. • 1855 • Rudolph Virchow stated that all living cells come from other living cells.

  22. Contributors (the “big picture” slide) Anton Van Leeuwenhoek Robert Hooke A Dutch businessman who perfected the microscope in 1674. An English physicist who first saw cells in cork in 1665. Rudolph Virchow German physicist/ pathologist who, in 1855, proposed that all cells come from existing cells. Matthias Schleiden Theodor Schwann German zoologist who concluded that all animals are made of cells. German botanist who determined, in 1838, that all plants are made of cells.

  23. 6. Modern Cell Theory 1. The cell is structural and functional unit of all living things. 2. All cells come from pre-existing cells by division. 3. Cells contain hereditary information which is passed from cell to cell during cell division. 4. All cells are basically the same in chemical composition. 5. All energy flow (metabolism and biochemistry) of life occurs within cells.

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