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ANATOMY OF PROKARYOTES AND EUKARYOTES.

ANATOMY OF PROKARYOTES AND EUKARYOTES. Comparison of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells: An Overview. The Prokaryotic Cell. Size, shape, and arrangement of bacterial cells. Structures external to the cell wall:Glycocalyx, Flagella, Axial filaments, Fimbriae and pili, and Cell wall.

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ANATOMY OF PROKARYOTES AND EUKARYOTES.

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  1. ANATOMY OF PROKARYOTES AND EUKARYOTES. Comparison of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells: An Overview.

  2. The Prokaryotic Cell. • Size, shape, and arrangement of bacterial cells. • Structures external to the cell wall:Glycocalyx, Flagella, Axial filaments, Fimbriae and pili, and Cell wall.

  3. THE CELL WALL. • Composition and characteristics. • Gram positive cell wall. • Gram negative cell wall. • Atypical cell wall: Mycoplasma and Archaeobacteria.

  4. Damage to the cell wall. • Protoplast and spheroplast.

  5. INTERNAL STRUCTURES: PLASMA MEMBRANE. • Structure. • Functions. • Destruction of the membrane by antimicrobial agents. • Movement of materials across membranes: Passive processes- Simple diffusion, Facilitated diffusion, osmosis.

  6. Osmosis: Hypertonic, Isotonic, and Hypotonic solutions. • Active Processes: Active transport, Group translocation.

  7. Bacterial cytoplasm. • Nuclear area. • Ribosomes. • Inclusions:Metachromatic granules, polysacharide granules, lipid inclusions, sulfur granules, carboxysomes, gas vacuoles. • Endospores.

  8. THE EUKARYOTIC CELL: structures external to cell wall. • Flagella and cilia. • The cell wall and glycocalyx. • The plasma membrane.

  9. Structures internal to the cell. • Cytoplasm. • Organelles: Nucleus, ER,Ribosomes, Golgi complex, Mitochondria, Chloroplasts, Lysosomes, Vacuoles, Centrioles.

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