TAKS Blitz Exam #1 Review

1. TAKS Blitz Exam #1 Review The cell, DNA and Genetics

2. Cell Energy Quiz (Question 1) In the material cycle shown below, which processes are represented by letters A and B? • A – excretion; B – respiration • A – transpiration; B – excretion • A – photosynthesis; B – transpiration • A – respiration; B – photosynthesis

3. Cell Energy Quiz (Question 2) • The diagram below represents a cell organelle involved in the transfer of energy from organic compounds. • Arrows in the diagram could represent the release of ____. • ATP from a chloroplast carrying out photosynthesis • Oxygen from a mitochondrion carrying out photosynthesis • Glucose from a chloroplast carrying out respiration • Carbon dioxide from a mitochondrion carrying out respiration

4. Cell Energy Quiz (Question 3) • Why are photosynthesis and cellular respiration often considered opposites? • Photosynthesis produces twice as many ATP molecules as cellular respiration does. • Water is released during photosynthesis and consumed during cellular respiration. • Photosynthesis occurs during the day, and cellular respiration occurs at night. • d. Oxygen is produced during photosynthesis and used during cellular respiration

5. Cell Energy Quiz (Question 4) Which hypothesis would most likely be tested using this setup? Light is needed for the process of photosynthesis. Glucose is not synthesized by plants in the dark. Protein synthesis takes place in leaves. Plants need fertilizers for proper growth.

6. Cell Energy Quiz (#5) • Which of the following is an example of solar energy being converted into chemical energy. • Plants producing sugar during the day • Water evaporating and condensing in the water cycle • The sun unevenly heating Earth’s surface • Lava erupting from the volcanoes for many days

7. Cell energy Quiz (#6) • Which molecule provides the most energy used to drive chemical reactions in cells? • DNA • RNA • ATP • ADP

8. Cell Reproduction Quiz (#1) • 3’AATCGC 5’ • Which of the following nucleotide base sequences complements the section of DNA modeled above? • 5’UTCGCA3’ • 5’TTAGCG3’ • 5’GCGATT3’ • 5’TTUCGC3’

9. Cell Reproduction (#2) • DNA molecules separate into single strands, which are then used to construct two identical strands of DNA. This process ensures that the — • cytoplasm is in equilibrium • mitochondria are genetically identical to the chloroplasts • parent cells use little ATP • daughter cells are genetically identical to the parent cells

10. Cell Reproduction (#3) • The diagram to the right represents a(n) • Nucleotide • Glycerol • Phosphate group • Enzyme

11. Cell Reproduction (#4) The purpose of the process illustrated in the diagram to the right is ___ • Translate DNA • replicate DNA • Transcribe DNA • Reduce DNA

12. Cell Reproduction (#5) • In all plants and animals cells, the nucleus contains long molecules of DNA. Which of the following best describes the function of DNA? • DNA provides the shape and structure of the nucleus • DNA packages materials for transport through the nucleus • DNA contains the blueprint for producing the whole organism. • DNA carries materials into and out of the nucleus.

13. Cell Reproduction (#6) • Mutation in the DNA molecules can occurs when ______. • replication of DNA is exact • a DNA enzyme attaches to an RNA codon • RNA codons are replaced by DNA nucleotides • a change occurs in DNA nucleotide bases

14. Protein synthesis (#1) • The assembly of a messenger RNA strand that normally begins with UAC has been changed so that the newly assembled messenger RNA strand begins with UAG. Which of the following will most likely occur? • The protein will be missing the first amino acid. • The amino acids that make up the protein will all be different. • The mRNA will become attached to a ribosome. • The production of the protein will be stopped.

15. Protein synthesis (#2) In the diagram above, what is the structure and function of molecule D? DNA - carries coded instruction for manufacturing a protein mRNA - copies the genetic code tRNA - brings the amino acid to the ribosome mRNA - brings the amino acid to the ribosome

16. Protein synthesis (#3) • DNA passes information to RNA during the process of • Transcription • Active transport • Regeneration • d. Translation

17. Protein synthesis (4) Using the codon chart above, what amino acid sequence would be translated from 5’AUG CAG ACA GGC 3’ ? Iso Glu Thr Gly Met Glu Thr Gly Met His Thr Gly Iso His Thr Gly

18. Protein synthesis #5 The diagram above shows how an mRNA molecule is synthesized. What would be the most likely result if a bacterial infection stopped the production of the RNA polymerase? A protein could not be manufactured. A lysosome would digest the cell. Osmosis would not occur in the cell. Dehydration could be prevented in the cytoplasm

19. Cell Boundaries (#1) • The cell membrane does which of the following? • Produce cellular waste • Maintains homeostasis • Neutralizes chemicals • Preserves cellular nutrients

20. Cell boundaries (#2) • Which best explains why a freshwater aquarium would be a dangerous habitat for a saltwater fish? • The tissues of the saltwater fish would absorb too much acid • The organs of the saltwater fish would produce too much protein • The organ system of the saltwater fish would consume too much energy • The cells of the saltwater fish would gain too much water

21. Cell boundaries (# 3) • Which of the following processes allows the cell to dispose of wastes • Facilitated diffusion • Lipid Bilayer • Endocytosis • Exocytosis