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Echinoderms Phylum Echinodermata

Echinoderms Phylum Echinodermata. Echinco means “spiny” Dermis means “skin ”. Interest Grabber. Section 28-4. Imagine that you were an animal like no other in the animal kingdom . You have no head and no tail. However, you have two sides , with your toothless mouth on one side.

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Echinoderms Phylum Echinodermata

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  1. EchinodermsPhylum Echinodermata Echinco means “spiny” Dermis means “skin”

  2. Interest Grabber Section 28-4 • Imagine that you were an animal like no other in the animal kingdom. • You have no head and no tail. • However, you have two sides, • with your toothless mouthon one side. • You have no arms or legs, and your body is shaped like a disc. 1

  3. Interest Grabber • 1. Briefly describe the type of environment in which you would be most likely to survive. Why do you think you would live in this type of environment? • 2. What types of food would you likely eat? Explain your answer. .

  4. Characteristic of Echinoderms: • Spiny skin • Internal skeleton (endoskeleton) • Water-vascular system (WVS) • Tube feet • 5 part radial symmetry (pentraradial or pentagonal symmetry) • All are marine (salt water) • Move slowly • No cephalization (in adults)

  5. Echinoderms • Star fish • Sea star

  6. Echinoderms Brittle stars

  7. Echinoderms • Sea Urchins

  8. Echinoderms Sand dollar Live sand dollar Dorsal view Ventral view

  9. Sea Feathers and Sea Lilies Sea Feathers

  10. Echinoderms Sea Cucumber Sea cucumbers and starfish

  11. Water-Vascular System…a hydraulic system extends throughout the body Water-vascular system (WVS) is a series ofwater-filled canals, and their extension calledtube feet which are used in locomotion, attachment, and/or feeding.

  12. What essential body functions does the water-vascular system carry out in an echinoderm? • Respiration • Circulation • Movement

  13. The Anatomy of a Starfish

  14.  The Anatomy of a Starfish Section 28-4 Eyespot Endoskeletal plates Anus Stomach Digestive glands Ring canal Madreporite Radial canal Reproductive glands Tubefoot Sucker

  15. What structures are part of the Water-Vascular System? • Madreporite • Ring canal • Radial canal • Tube feet

  16. Madreporite • The water-vascular system (WVS) opens to the outside through this sievelike structure. • Allows pressure equalization to the water-vascular system (WVS)

  17. Star fish eating bivalve mollusks • Using its tube feet to pull open the shells the star fish then partially inserts its stomach inside the prey’s shell secreting digestive enzymes • The star fish stomach is reversible!

  18. Compare/Contrast Table Section 28-4 Comparing Groups and Major Characteristics of Echinoderms Feeding Shape Movement Sea urchins and sand dollars Detritivores or grazersDisc- or globe-shaped, no arms Burrow in sandy ocean bottom or wedge in rock crevices using moveable spines attached to endoskeleton Seastars Sea lilies andfeather stars Characteristic Brittlestars Sea cucumbers Detritivores; filter feeders Star-shaped, arms Move rapidly along ocean floor using arms Detritivores Cucumber-shaped, no arms Move slowly along ocean floor using muscular body wall to crawl Most carnivores Star-shaped, arms Creep slowly along ocean floor using arms Herbivores; filter feeders Stalk with feathery arms Cannot move; attached to ocean bottom

  19. Nervous System • Most echinoderms have a nerve ringthat surrounds the mouth and radial nerves that connect the ring with the body sections.

  20. What characteristic of echinoderms indicates that they are closely related to vertebrates (rather than invertebrates)? Both echinoderms and vertebrates are deuterostomes • In deuterostomes the anus is formed from the blastopore; • In protostomes their mouth is formed from the blastopore

  21. What is a tube foot? • A structure that operates much like a living suction cup • Used in locomotion, attachment, and/or feeding

  22. Do echinoderms appear to be segmented?

  23. Do echinoderms appear to be segmented? NOan indication that echinoderms are not closely relativated to annelids and arthropods

  24. How do sand dollars defend themselves?

  25. How do sand dollars defend themselves? • They burrow under layers of sand or mud

  26. When a brittle star is attacked, it sheds one or more arms. How does this help the echinoderm?

  27. When a brittle star is attacked, it sheds one or more arms. How does this help the echinoderm? • The detached arm keeps moving, distracting the predator while the brittle star escapes.

  28. Where are herds of hundreds of thousands of sea cucumbers found?

  29. Where are herds of hundreds of thousands of sea cucumbers found? • On the deep-sea floor

  30. What happens if a sea star is pulled into pieces?

  31. What happens if a sea star is pulled into pieces? • Each piece will grow into a new animal, as long as it contains a portion of the central part of the body.

  32. What is the crown-of-thorns sea star a major threat to ?

  33. What is the crown-of-thorns sea star a major threat to ? • Coral reefs- especially the Great Barrier Reef off the coast of Australia

  34. Crown-of-Thorns Sea Star destroying the Great Barrier Reef off the coast of Australia Eats the coral- the polyps

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