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The Causes of WWI

The Causes of WWI. M ilitarism A lliances I mperialism N ationalism. WWI: The Great War. Causes Imperialism : France, Great Britain, Russia, Germany Kaiser Wilhelm II Industrialization Germany can compete through “blood and iron”. Kaiser Wilhelm II.

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The Causes of WWI

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  1. The Causes of WWI Militarism Alliances Imperialism Nationalism

  2. WWI: The Great War Causes • Imperialism: France, Great Britain, Russia, Germany • Kaiser Wilhelm II • Industrialization • Germany can compete through “blood and iron”

  3. Kaiser Wilhelm II “Germany must have its place in the sun” “The world belongs to the strong.” • Kaiser Wilhelm II • Built up German army and navy • Aggressive foreign policy • Determined to make Germany a top nation. • Distrusted by other powers

  4. 2. Militarism • Define: build up of armed forces 1890: Germany has strongest military

  5. Militarism • Germany was competing with the UK to build battleships. • The British feared an attack on their Empire • Germany was competing with Russia and France to expand their armies

  6. 3. Alliance System • Triple Entente: France, Great Britain, and Russia • Triple Alliance: Germany, Austria-Hungary, Ottoman Empire • Global security • Balance of power • Imperialism caused many countries to form alliances

  7. Alliance Structure

  8. Alliances tested • Archduke Franz Ferdinand • June 28 1914- assassinated • Black Hand-Serbian Nationalists • Gavrillo Princip is the assassin

  9. July 28, 1914: Austria-Hungary declares war on Serbia • Russia is allied with Serbia • Germany is allied with Austria-Hungary • August 1: Germany declares war on Russia • Russia is allies with France • August 3: Germany declares war on France • Great Britain is allies with France • Great Britain immediately declares war on Germany……..WWI has BEGUN!!!!

  10. Nationalism + Imperialism= • Extreme hatred for other nations • Causes build-up of arms • Battles of WWI begins August 4, 1914 • Germany invades Belgium

  11. Schlieffen Plan • Hold off Russia, ATTACKFrance • Start in Belgium, drive to Paris • Once France falls, German forces focus on Russia • Trench Warfare: fortified ditches • “No Mans Land” • Early fighting=stalemate

  12. Britain’s Reaction • 1838- UK had signed a Treatyto protect Belgium. • Britain also scared of Germany controlling Channel ports. • Did not want Germany to defeat France and dominate Europe. Britain next? • UK issued ultimatumto Germany to withdraw troops from Belgium. War declared August 4 1914

  13. World War I Assignment • On a sheet of poster paper, create a poster of the causes of WWI. • Include key facts about each cause. • Include key countries, individuals, and vocabulary • Use textbook and notes as a resource • Use Coloring Pencils or Markers • On a sheet of poster paper, create a timeline of the events preceding WWI. • Include key countries, individuals, vocabulary • Include declarations of war and reasons for those declarations.

  14. Key Ideas of WWI • Mobilization- The gathering and movement of troops for war • Isolationism- A policy of non-intervention into intercontinental violence • Pacifists- Opposed war and violence as a mean of diplomacy • Monroe Doctrine- Europeans were no longer to interfere with American affairs • Protectionism- The theory of protecting domestic markets by placing tariffs and quotas on imports

  15. American Neutrality • 1914- why fight? • Opposition to the war • Sympathy for Germany • Sympathy for Allies • Germany=Imperial Bully • Economics • U.S. enters the war • British Blockade: prevent contraband

  16. Reasons we couldn't remain neutral: • Friendship with France and G.B. • British propaganda had large influence • Economic ties to European nations • Allies depended on U.S. supplies • Economic boom in the U.S. • 1916, he ordered a major defense buildup • National Defense Act: called for a larger army and a navy second to none • most people still favored peace though • Wilson campaign: “man who had kept the nation out of war”

  17. German U-Boats • Counter to blockade • Any ship is fair game • No warning needed • Lusitania: British liner • Sank by U-boat • 128 Americans killed • Americans are furious

  18. America still neutral: Wilson wants peace • 1916: Germany breaks promise • Sussex: unarmed French passenger boat • Attacked by German U-boat • 80 people killed • U.S. issues another warning

  19. Zimmermann Note: British intercepts message • Germany asks Mexico to declare war on U.S. • Mexico would gain Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona • U.S. enters war: make world “safe for democracy” ..\World Civilization\Zimmerman Telegram.doc

  20. American war effort • April 1917: U.S. officially in war • 200,000 men in army----Draft or Recruit? • Selective Service Act: men required to register for military • Set minimum draft age of 18 • Resulted in 3 million draftees • U-boat resistance • Convoy System: merchant ships provided defense • American troops fresh

  21. Gearing up for War • U.S. was short on supplies • Pres. Wilson created War Industries Boardto organize the country for war • Increased production & controlled limited resources • Railroad Administration— organized all RR lines into one network that serviced the entire nation • Shipping Board— oversaw the building of a merchant marine • Gained govt. support thru increased taxes & war bonds

  22. Feeding the Allies • Food Administration Board— headed by Herbert Hoover • Controlled food production & distribution • Top needs were wheat, pork, & sugar • Americans were encouraged to cut back to save cost • Volunteered to participate in saving techniques • (Wheatless Mondays, Meatless Tuesdays, Porkless, Thursdays & Saturdays) • Children grew vegetables on playgrounds • People planted "victory gardens" in their backyards

  23. Wartime Propaganda • Committee on Public Information- Wilson • 75,000 men spoke around the country • were called "Four Minute Men" • War was fought for democracy & freedom • Those criticizing the war were treated poorly, sometimes beaten • Espionage Act (1917)—fines & jail sentences for aiding the enemy or blocking recruitment • Sedition Act (1918)--punished those using disloyal or abusive language about the American govt., flag, or military uniforms • 1,500 citizens lost their civil liberties • People were arrested for everything from criticizing the draft & the Red Cross to complaining about taxes

  24. Replacement soldiers • General Pershing: “old glory” • Separate army • Russia drops out of war • April 1918: U.S. independent army • New weapons: tanks, poison gas, airplanes • War is mechanized

  25. Germany collapses • Mutiny amongst the soldiers • Rebellion in Berlin • November 11, 1918 at 11:00: Germany surrenders • 26 million total deaths • Russia- 9 million • Germany- 7 million • U.S.- 325,000

  26. Post-war • Fourteen Points • II. Absolute freedom of navigation upon the seas • XIV. A general association of nations must be formed • League of Nations: provide national security without war

  27. “Big Four”: • Woodrow Wilson- United States • Georges Clemenceau- France • David Lloyd George- Gr. Britain • Vittorio Orlando- Italy • “Make Germany pay” • Treaty of Versailles • Germany must pay for war: $28 billion in total

  28. German military: • 100,000 soldiers • no airplanes • no submarines • War Guilt Clause: Germany must take responsibility for starting the war • Humiliation---Adolf Hitler uses Treaty of Versailles as a rallying cry for Germany prior to WWII

  29. End of the War • Treaty of Versailles- Made Germans accept reparations (compensation to cover war damages) worth 132 billion gold marks = $28 Billion Dollars) Initial sum of 50 billion gold marks was 330% of national income from previous year ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ Main cause for World War II

  30. Opposition to treaty • Too much imperialism • Too harsh on Germany • U.S. never ratifies Treaty of Versailles or joins League of Nations • Opposition in Congress: Henry Cabot Lodge • November 11, 1918 @ 11 am • The date to end the war.

  31. Changes in America • Industry jobs increase • Wages increase • Food conservation: • “Victory Gardens” • Women in workforce • Civil liberties • Espionage and Sedition Acts

  32. U.S. Economics of WWI • United States economy was in a recession prior to 1914 • Recession- Period of reduced economic activity • United States economy improved following start of war and the sale of goods to Europe- Agriculture and Industrial equipment • Following World War I, the United States was member in the international market

  33. Military: 1917: 200,000 1918: 4.5 million • Total labor: 1916: 40 million 1918: 44 million • Financing the war • Raise taxes • Borrow from public (war bonds) • Print money (Uh-Oh!) • Economic boom in 1920’s

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