MAX IV Undulators Performance

1. MAX IV UndulatorsPerformance H. Tarawneh On behalf of the ID Group

2. 1 Outlook: • Insertion Devices @ MAX IV. • Soft X rays: APPLE II undulators • Hard X rays: In-vacuum Insertion Devices • Undulators Performance

3. 2 List & Status of IDs @ MAX IV *) Built by collaboration with SOLEIL synchrotron *) Built by industry *) Built in-house *) Transfer from MAX-II ring (characterized at MAX IV ID magnet lab)

4. 3 APPLE II Undulators @ MAX IV • In-house design, assembly and characterization of undulators is key to meet tight requirements of MAX IV Accelerators & Beamlines. • In-house measurement systems: Hall probe bench (5.5 m), flip coil & Stretched wire • Work force for building 6 APPLE II & refurbish 2 ID from MAX II ring. • New Pulsed wire system- construction ongoing. 3 GeV Ring APPLE II λu=53 mm & L= 4 m Gap=17.5mm Circular Polarization: Gap=12.5mm

5. 4 APPLE II Undulators @ MAX IV • In-house design, assembly and characterization of undulators is key to meet tight requirements of MAX IV Accelerators & Beamlines. • In-house measurement systems: Hall probe bench (5.5 m), flip coil & Stretched wire • Work force for building 6 APPLE II & refurbish 2 ID from MAX II ring. • New Pulsed wire system- construction ongoing. 3 GeV Ring Induced kick APPLE 48 mm, L=4m All helical mode (gap vs.phase) RMS orbit distortion (x/y) of 6.4 μm &7.6 μm @ gap 20 mm APPLE II 53mm

6. 5 APPLE II Undulators @ MAX IV • In-house design, assembly and characterization of undulators is key to meet tight requirements of MAX IV Accelerators & Beamlines. • In-house measurement systems: Hall probe bench (5.5 m), flip coil & Stretched wire • Work force for building 6 APPLE II & refurbish 2 ID from MAX II ring. • New Pulsed wire system- construction ongoing. 3 GeV Ring APPLE II λu=53 mm & L= 4 m APPLE II λu=48 mm & L= 4 m FWHM 5.6 eV 20 mm gap 30x30 μrad2 Calculated spectra is based On magnetic measurement data

7. 6 APPLE II Undulators @ MAX IV • In-house design, assembly and characterization of undulators is key to meet tight requirements of MAX IV Accelerators & Beamlines. • In-house measurement systems: Hall probe bench (5.5 m), flip coil & Stretched wire • Work force for building 6 APPLE II & refurbish 2 ID from MAX II ring. • New Pulsed wire system- construction ongoing. 1.5 GeV Ring Quasi - APPLE II λu=84 mm & L= 2.7 m

8. 7 HIPPIE EPU53 GUI Envelope on gap vs. phase. Min. 250 eV for all polarizations

9. 8 In-vacuum ID’s @ MAX IV • Highbrilliance, hard x-rayssourcesarebased on roomtempratureand short period In-vacuum undulatorswith hybrid structure @ 3 GeV ring and Short PulseFacility. • Minimum vertical acceptanceof 1.1 mm.mrad is defined by the off-centeredMAX-IV IV wiggler.Physical gap of 4.5 mm @ βy=4m. (BSC/lifetimerequirementsonly). • Impedance budget vs. Long buncheswith 100 MHz RF system. 3 GeV ring BaselineLattice

10. 9 In-vacuum ID’s @ MAX IV • Highbrilliance, hard x-rayssourcesarebased on roomtempratureand short period In-vacuum undulatorswith hybrid structure @ 3 GeV ring and Short PulseFacility. 2 IVUs for BioMAX & NanoMAXbeamlines, λu=18mm, Lengthof 2 m and Keff=1.95 (Achieved Keff=2.19 for BioMAX and Keff=2.10 for NanoMAX at 4.2 mm magnetic gap). BioMAX: Measuredphaseerror Kicks seen by beam

11. 10 In-vacuum ID’s @ MAX IV • Highbrilliance, hard x-rayssourcesarebased on roomtempratureand short period In-vacuum undulatorswith hybrid structure @ 3 GeV ring and Short PulseFacility. BioMAXundulator, Period length 18 mm Length 2 meters, Min. gap 4.2 mm Spectra with lengthened bunches

12. 11 In-vacuum ID’s @ MAX IV • Highbrilliance, hard x-rayssourcesarebased on roomtempratureand short period In-vacuum undulatorswith hybrid structure @ 3 GeV ring and Short PulseFacility. NanoMAX@ gap 4.3mm and taper of 0.10 mm. Tapering feature @ NanoMAX & BioMAX λu=18mm, Length of 2 m. 5% of peak field per meter. BioMAX IVU 200 μm gap difference @ 7th harmonic& 5mm gap

13. 12 In-vacuum ID’s @ MAX IV • Highbrilliance, hard x-rayssourcesarebased on roomtempratureand short period In-vacuum undulatorswith hybrid structure @ 3 GeV ring and Short PulseFacility. Displacement scan of the electron beam orbit at 5 mm gap, 10 mA inside NanoMAX IVU. The 7th harmonic energy is monitored for different offset values. Measurements indicates -20 μmvertical offset is needed. Photon beam-based alignment

14. 13 In-vacuum ID’s @ MAX IV • Highbrilliance, hard x-rayssourcesarebased on roomtempratureand short period In-vacuum undulatorswith hybrid structure @ 3 GeV ring and Short PulseFacility. Undulatorradiationstructure from BALDER wiggler. (small emittance) BALDER IVW built by SOLEIL , λu=50 mm, Lengthof 2 m and Keff=9

15. 14 In-vacuum ID’s @ MAX IV • Highbrilliance, hard x-rayssourcesarebased on roomtempratureand short period In-vacuum undulatorswith hybrid structure @ 3 GeV ring and Short PulseFacility. Tapering & beamlinecontrol over the electronbeamorbit. BALDER IVW built by SOLEIL , λu=50 mm, Lengthof 2 m and Keff=9

16. Future IDs @ MAX IV 15 • Cryo-cooled (77 K) undulatorsfor Phase-III beamlines at MAX IV. MedMAX beamline Energy range: 12 – 40 keV DiffMAX beamline Energy range: 3 – 50 keV Half-period structure design • Features exist ONLY @ MAX IV worldwide ( ̴2022). • Ultra low emittance (0.2-0.3 nm.rad) as brilliance and coherence source. • Long electron bunches leading to low heat load budget on low gap cryo-cooled core of undulator. • Available straight section to test & ultimately operate short period undulator. • Use of 2nd harmonic to cover wider energy range (e.g. DiffMAX).

17. 16 Special thanks go to: Thomas Ursby ConnySåthe Pedro F. Tavares Konstantin Klementiev Ulf Johansson Thank You