MAX IV: Where Can the Danish Science Communities Contribute?

1. MAX IV: Where Can the Danish Science Communities Contribute? Lise Arleth, Professor StructuralBiophysics Niels Bohr Institute University of Copenhagen Today: On behalf of the Danish X-ray and neutron scatteringcommunity (Danscatt)

2. Lise Aleth, Structural Biophysics, KU Energy and environment: Limited ressources and increasingdemand: Health:Wish for improvedhealth for a growing population: Primary global challenges as research drivers Small-molecule drugs Protein-baseddrugs Protein-baseddrug receptors => Research in smart materials => Research to obtain more efficient and bettertargetedmedical drugs

3. Niels Bohr Institute - Structural Biophysics The Danish scatteringcommunity • Craddle-period (1980-2000): • Communityaround the Risø National Laboratory west of Copenhagen: • Denmark ran the Risø research reactoroptimized for neutron scatteringand an international userfacility (untilabout 2000) • Stronginvolvement in the Hamburg Synchrotron (Hasylab) • Focus on Materials research (Hard Materials and Soft Materials) and Biostructural Research • The Astrid Synchrotron at Aarhus University • User and developmentfacility for soft X-rays • Stronginvolvementand usage of the Hamburg Synchrotron (Hasylab) • Focus on Hard Materials Research and Biostructural Research • X-rayusersorganized in the DanSync organisation • Neutron usersorganized in the DanScatt organisation

4. Niels Bohr Institute - Structural Biophysics The Danish scatteringcommunity • From around 2000 (Shutdown of the Risø Research reactor): • Graduallystronger and strongerinvolvement in the various international neutron and X-rayscattering facilties (including out-placement of senior staff) • Former Risø Scientistsbecamedistributed in Danish and international academicinsititutions. Still forms a strongnetwork • Mergerof X-ray and neutron userorganizationsinto the DanScattorganisation • Stronggrowth of usercommunity for X-ray and Neutron Scattering • Strong engagement in the ESS project – Bottom-up communitybased and Top-downpolitical • Stronger and stronger engagement at Max-II Synchrotron – Bottom-up communitybased

5. Niels Bohr Institute - Structural Biophysics Danscatt - The Danish X-ray and neutron Scatteringcommunity in 2012 • Strong X-ray and Neutron Scatteringusergroups at almost all Danish Universities and at large compagnies: • Universities: • Aarhus University • Danish Technical University • University of Copenhagen • University of Southern Denmark • University of Roskilde • Compagnies with independent usergroups: • Haldor Topsøe • Carlsberg Laboratory • Novo Nordisk A/S • - Communitygrowth rate of 7% • - Present Danish PhD population with projectsthandepend on X-ray or neutron work: 140 (~30% neutrons, ~60% X-rays, ~10% X+N )

6. Niels Bohr Institute - Structural Biophysics Danish scatteringcommunity and MaxLab • Past Danish engagement at MaxLab: • - Cassiopeia project: Co-funding and participation in the Cassiopeia beamline. => Construction of 5 Bio-instruments, mainly protein crystallography at the 911 beam-port • Opticsetcmainly from Denmark • Instrumentation mainly from Sweden • Participation from public and private partners (Astra Zeneca, Novo Nordisk A/S) • Consolidation of JJ-X-ray (nowabout 20 employees) • -Small-Angle X-rayScatteringBeamline: Co-developmentbetweenMaxLab and U. Copenhagen. First at I-711 (Shared with powdercrystallography), thenoptimizedreincarnation at I-911-4 • - PowderCrystallographyBeamline (I-711):Co-developmentbetweenMaxLab and U. Aarhus.

7. Niels Bohr Institute - Structural Biophysics User statistics from MaxLabshomepage (2011 numbers) Danish Users Commissioning of the Max-II and Cassiopeia project The impact of the Danish usercommunity is alreadyvery visible at Maxlab

8. Niels Bohr Institute - Structural Biophysics Denmark and the MaxIVproject • The Danish scatteringcommunity is veryexcitedabout the Max-IV project! • And in particularabout the world-wideuniquebrilliancethat the project offers • The Danscattusercommunity is veryinterested in contributing to the Max IV project • Wherecan Denmark contribute: • Design and construction of whole instruments • As Power-usersthat drive and adaptexisting instrumentation to specific purposes • Establishment of user hubs

9. A Danish beamlineproposal : Hybrid powderdiffraction and imaging • Vision:Establish a beamlinewhichcanrevealmaterialstructure and composition right from the atomicscaleto the macro-world • Motivation:Everyconceivablematerialproperty, and anytechnologicaldevelopment, hinges upon internalstructure(atomiclevel, nanometer and micrometerscale) • Solution:CombiningtwoverypowerfulX-raytechniques: • Powderdiffraction, detectschemicalbonds and identifiesstructure from atomiclevel to 200-300 nm scale • X-rayImaging, revealsmaterialcomposition in 3D from nanometerinto the micrometer- and millimeter scale • Specialities: • Energy materials(solar cells, thermoelectrics, catalysts, fuelcells, etc.) • Time-resolved studies (”live vision”) of chemicalreactionsorphysicalprocesses

10. A Danish beamlineproposal: Hybrid powderdiffraction and imaging • Additional potentials: • Small-moleculecrystallography, cruciale.g. to pharmaindustry • Geo-science research, e.g. non-invasiveidentification of minerals and sediment • Bio-materialssuch as bone, enamel, etc. (e.g. for prostheticdevelopment) • Catalysisstudies under real conditions, e.g. structuralchanges, poisoning • Education of a whole generation of young, brilliantmaterialsscientists – beyondanything a home lab canacomplish! • A beamlinebuilt for • Highest-impact science by virtue of revolutionizinghybrid construct • Maximumsynergywith the new European SpallationSource(ESS) • Relevance to industry as well as academia

11. - Danish users as power-users/strategic partners to optimise instrumentation to specificpurposes • - Instrumentation, sample environment and software: • Software for Instrument simulation • Software for Data Analysis • X-rayOptics • Sample Environment • Detectors

12. Establishment of User-hubs: Example: DTU as science hub/industry portal for 3D imaging of materials Industry International Facilities • DTU Imaging Portal: • Competence development • Discussion of industrial problem • Recommendation of best method • Supplementary material analysis • Assistance at beam time • Assistance with data analysis • Research collaboration • X-ray instruments LOCALLY Synchrotrons Neutrons KU is in the process of establishing a comparable science hub for Life Sciences

13. Special focus of the DTU hub: 3D imaging of energy materials Oil/CO2 storage Fuelcells Wind energy Catalysis

14. Science hubs - Advantages For industry: - Muchlower barrier for use of large scalefacilities - Training - Recruitment For facility: - Broaden (industrial) user base - Regional partner for instrumentation and data analysis For university: - Collaboration with industry - Strenghten research and education - Local knowledge center on large scalefacilities For local region/country: - Enthusiasm Shouldbescientificallyfocused: Excellence is a requirement

15. Data Management • The ESS Data Management Center willbeplaced in Copenhagen (Directorappointed as of October 2013) • Capacity Building • It maybeinteresting to discuss the Max-IV data management needs in thiscontext to investigate potential synergies

16. On the MaxIV and ESS projects: On a slightly longer timescale the twoprojectsshouldbeseen as a whole (from the outside) • Someuserswillonlyuse X-rays • Someuserswillonlyuseneutrons • More and more userswilluseboth X-rays and Neutrons and shop between the facilities Status • Danish Scientific, political and economical support to the ESS project • So far mainlyscientific support to the Max-IV project

17. Lise Arleth - Structural Biophysics Department of Micro and Nanotechnology Conclusions • The Danish Scientific communities are extremely enthusiastic about the Max IV project • The Danish Scientific communities would like to influence and contribute to the specific instrumentation at the Max IV • Danish Universities are presently establishing science hubs that can help in optimising the usage of Max IV and other Large Scale facilities • We will need to have the Max-IV project lifted up to the Danish political level (as the ESS project is) Thank you!