From Atoms to Cells

1. From Atoms to Cells AP Environmental Science Chapter 3

2. Terms Matter-takes up space and has mass, and is not alive Molecules- are combinations of nonmetal atoms held together by covalent bonds Organic Molecules are carbon based molecules that also contain hydrogen, and sometimes also oxygen, nitrogen or sulfur. Proteins, Nucleic Acids, Lipids, Carbohydrates

3. Terms • Compounds- are combinations of atoms held together by ionic or covalent bonds • Covalent- sharing electrons • Ionic- opposite charges

4. Atoms • Atoms- are the smallest unit of elements and are listed on the periodic table • Neutrons • Electrons • Protons

5. Atoms can be: • Isotopes-same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons • Monatomic- one atom • Polyatomic- more than one atom

6. IONS • Ions- atoms or combinations of atoms that demonstrate an unbalanced electrical charge (total number of electrons does not equal the number of protons) • Anion- negatively charged • Cation- positively charges • it takes a really strong solvent able to break apart ionic compounds

7. Polar Molecules • These molecules have a separation of electrical charge within the molecule that helps it to be attracted to ions or other polar molecules. • water is a polar molecule • The polarity of water makes it a really strong solvent able to break apart ionic compounds

8. This is your life! • You take up space • You have mass • You exist in three distinct forms or phases • You can be either an element, a molecule, or a compound. • Whose life is it?

9. Matter!

10. Whose life is it? • You comprise elements • In fact, you are the smallest particle that still maintains the properties of an element. • You contain three subparticles

11. Atom!

12. Whose life is it? • You comprise elements • You have three sub-particles, but they are out of whack. • You lose or gain some and that cause you to lose your “balance”

13. Ion

14. Whose life is it? • You are always the same! • You occasionally lose one of your sub-particles, which causes to gain and lose mass. • Deuterium and tritium are examples

15. Isotope

16. Whose life is it? • You are unstable. • You also spontaneously emit high-energy electro-magnetic radiation. • You are susceptible to decay.

17. Radioactive Isotope

18. Whose life is it? • You are vital to cells. • You typically sport rings of Carbon as your skeleton. • You are lipids, carbohydrates, proteins and nucleic acids

19. Organic Compounds

20. Whose life is it? • All living things are made of you. • You are happy alone or in huge groups. • You have a dynamic outer membrane that protects you from harm, but allows the items you need to enter.

21. Cell

22. Whose life is it? • You orchestrate every chemical reaction that takes place in a living thing. • You can speed things up or slow them down. • Nothing happens with out you. • Some would describe you as the perfect fit, almost as if you are a lock and key. • You are never consumed or damaged

23. Enzyme

24. Whose life is it? • You describe all of the chemical reactions that take place in a living thing. • Some people are annoyed if you act too slowly • Some people love you because they can “eat” anything they want.

25. Metabolism

26. Whose Life is it? • You are important to the universe • You provide the force that holds structures together. • You also have the power to tear them apart. • You do work.

27. Energy

28. Whose life Is it? • You are contained in moving objects. • You are a “take action” kind of force. • You are responsible for water flowing over a dam or an electron shooting around the nucleus of an atom.

29. Kinetic Energy

30. Whose life is it? • Some might consider you lazy in comparison to your cousin. • You prefer to lay low and save your energy for a rainy day. • You are the rock on top of the hill or the water stored behind the dam.

31. Potential Energy

32. Whose Life is it? • You make your mark in foods and gasoline. • You tend to be stored for a while and then explode onto the scene in a very useful way. • You always perform very useful work, so you are well liked by every living thing.

33. Chemical Energy

34. Whose life is it? • You perfectly describe the total activated energy in a substance. • You are at all associated with the bulk movement of a substance.

35. Heat

36. Whose life is it? • You are solely concerned with speed. • If you were a policeman, you would definitely want the traffic beat. • A radar gun would float your boat.

37. Temperature