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Split Identity November 2010 Lance Rips Northwestern University

Split Identity November 2010 Lance Rips Northwestern University. From Plutarch’s Life of Theseus. From Hobbes’ De Corpore. One-Iceberg Condition (from Rips, Blok, & Newman, 2006). Original iceberg (Sample 94). How similar is the new iceberg to Sample 94?.

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Split Identity November 2010 Lance Rips Northwestern University

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  1. Split Identity November 2010 Lance Rips Northwestern University

  2. From Plutarch’sLife of Theseus

  3. From Hobbes’ De Corpore

  4. One-Iceberg Condition (from Rips, Blok, & Newman, 2006) Original iceberg (Sample 94) How similar is the new iceberg to Sample 94? Successor iceberg OR How likely is the new iceberg to be Sample 94?

  5. From Rips, Blok, & Newman, Tracing the Identity of Objects. Psychological Review (2006). Similarity Identity Dimensions of Successor Iceberg

  6. Two-Iceberg Condition (from Rips, Blok, & Newman, 2006) Original iceberg (Sample 94) Which is the original iceberg (Sample 94)? Successor icebergs Only the eastern-most Only the western-most Both Neither West East

  7. Sample 94 = = = ? West East (West = Sample 94) and (Sample 94 = East) West = East

  8. From Euclid’s Elements

  9. Two Experiments on Response Options Which is Sample 94? 1) Only the eastern-most 2) Only the western-most 3) Both 4) Neither 1) Only the eastern-most 2) Only the western-most 3) Both 4) Neither 5) Either the eastern-most or the western-most, but one can’t tell which. Versus 59% Both 51% Both Which is Sample 94? 1) Only the eastern-most 2) Only the western-most 3) Both 4) Neither 1) Only the eastern-most 2) Only the western-most 3) The eastern-most and, simultaneously, the western-most 4) Neither Versus 46% Both 45% Simultaneous

  10. An Experiment on Noun versus Adjective Interpretations Baseline Condition: Suppose that on April 12 a group of scientists are studying an iceberg named Gax. On April 13, this iceberg splits into two icebergs… On April 14, which of the icebergs (if either) is the original iceberg(Gax)? Proper-name Condition: Suppose that on April 12 a group of scientists are studying an iceberg that they have christened with proper name “Gax.” On April 13, this iceberg splits into two icebergs…  On April 14, which of the icebergs (if either) is the original iceberg (Gax)? Adjective Condition: Suppose that on April 12 a group of scientists are studying an iceberg that they describe as gaxish. On April 13, this iceberg splits into two icebergs…  On April 14, which of the icebergs (if either) is gaxish?

  11. Baseline Condition: On April 14, which of the icebergs (if either) is the original iceberg (Sample 94)? (Please circle ONE of the responses below.) Only the eastern-most iceberg is the original. Only the western-most iceberg is the original. Both icebergs are the original. Neither iceberg is the original. Entitlement Condition: On April 14, which of the icebergs, considered on its own, is entitled to bethe original iceberg (Sample 94)? In answering this question, you should ask yourself whether each iceberg has the qualifications it needs to be the original, ignoring the existence of the other iceberg. That is, supposing the other iceberg did not exist, could the remaining iceberg be the original? (Please circle ONE of the responses below.) Only the eastern-most iceberg could be the original. Only the western-most iceberg could be the original. Both icebergs could be the original. Neither iceberg could be the original. Identity Condition: On April 14, what relations hold between the original iceberg and the eastern-most and western-most icebergs? In asking whether one iceberg is the same iceberg as another, we mean is it the very same (or identical) iceberg. This is the sense in which a person is identical only to him- or herself and not to a twin or a clone. We are NOT simply asking whether one iceberg has the same properties (e.g., shape or weight) as the other. Please circle either “yes” or “no” for EACH of the following three questions: (a) Is the eastern-most iceberg the same iceberg as the western-most iceberg? yes no(b) Is the eastern-most iceberg the same iceberg as the original iceberg (Sample 94)? yes no(c) Is the western-most iceberg the same iceberg as the original iceberg (Sample 94)? yes no

  12. On April 14, which of the icebergs (if either) is the original iceberg (Sample 94)? (Please circle ONE of the responses below.) Only the eastern-most iceberg is the original. Only the western-most iceberg is the original. Both icebergs are the original. Neither iceberg is the original. • On April 14, what relations hold between the original iceberg and the eastern-most and western-most icebergs? In asking whether one iceberg is the same iceberg as another, we mean is it the very same (or identical) iceberg. This is the sense in which a person is identical only to him- or herself and not to a twin or a clone. We are NOT simply asking whether one iceberg has the same properties (e.g., shape or weight) as the other. Which of the icebergs (if either) is the original iceberg (Sample 94)? (Please circle one of the responses below.) • Only the eastern-most iceberg is the original. • Only the western-most iceberg is the original. • Both icebergs are the original. • Neither iceberg is the original. Please circle either “yes” or “no” for each of the following three questions. On April 14: (a) Is the eastern-most iceberg the western-most iceberg? yes no (b) Is the eastern-most iceberg the original iceberg (Sample 94)? yes no (c) Is the western-most iceberg the original iceberg (Sample 94)? yes no • On April 14, what relations hold between the original iceberg and the eastern-most and western-most icebergs? In asking whether one iceberg is the same iceberg as another, we mean is it the very same (or identical) iceberg. This is the sense in which a person is identical only to him- or herself and not to a twin or a clone. We are NOT simply asking whether one iceberg has the same properties (e.g., shape or weight) as the other. Please circle either “yes” or “no” for each of the following three questions: • (a) Is the eastern-most iceberg the western-most iceberg? yes no • (b) Is the eastern-most iceberg the original iceberg (Sample 94)? yes no • (c) Is the western-most iceberg the original iceberg (Sample 94)? yes no

  13. East East East Three icebergs: 63% Sample 94 Sample 94 Sample 94 West West West One iceberg: 13 Two icebergs: 24 Before Split After Split

  14. Justifications from One- and Two-Iceberg Subjects One Iceberg: Subject A: “…the icebergs are all the same and thus only one iceberg has existed.” Two Icebergs: Subject B: “…they are 2 separate entities included in one sample.”

  15. Thanks to: Marianne Abouyared Rita Biagioli Rachel Bhagwat Annum Bhular Serge Blok Sanford Goldberg Doug Medin George Newman ErykaNosal Samantha Thompson SirishaYadlapati Richard Yao

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