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Early Greece

Early Greece. Edited By; Kali Hall and Jane Langston. Geography. Known as the Aegean settlements (named for Aegean Sea) Greece is on the Peloponnesian peninsula (surrounded by water on 3 sides) ¾ of Greece is mountains

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Early Greece

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  1. Early Greece Edited By; Kali Hall and Jane Langston

  2. Geography • Known as the Aegean settlements (named for Aegean Sea) • Greece is on the Peloponnesian peninsula (surrounded by water on 3 sides) • ¾ of Greece is mountains ***mountains and beings surrounded by water made for good protection against enemies BUT also kept Greek cities isolated from each other D. Because of geography, Greece divides itself into city-states (large cities with separate gov’t); Athens and Sparta E. Greeks were farmers, fishermen, and sea traders

  3. Early Civilization • Minoans- located on the island of Crete • Believe to be a mythical society • Archaeologist, Sir Arthur Evans, unearths remains of society • Discovery of murals showing everyday life proves their existence • They were POLYTHEISTIC a. Chief goddess- Earth Mother b. Proves women held a higher status • Collapse of Minoans (2 theories- 1350 B.C.) a. Earthquake or Tidal wave b. Conquered by Mycenaeans in Greece

  4. Early civilization Cnt’d B. Mycenaeans (located in Greece) • Kingdoms on hilltops surrounded by fortress walls • Inside walls (cities)- gov’t, administration, markets • Outside walls- farm estates (given to nobles by kings in exchange for military services) • Peasant farmers- given plots of estates by nobles in exchange for taxes and military service as well • Collapse (1100 B.C.) • Greeks from north (Dorians) invade • Period that follows is called Dark Ages because of the growth of poverty

  5. Story Telling • General way of passing on history (myths and legends) • Bards-Singing storytellers (travelers) • Homer-most famous of Greek Epic poems • The Illiad-story that led up to the events of the Trojan War • The Odyssey- the trip home of Odyssey following the Trojan War • Both stories were used as English texts to teach Greek children about their culture

  6. Religion • Polytheistic-gods and goddesses controlled natural occurrences and human events • Humans (mortals)were both rewarded or punished by gods depending on their deeps • Each city-state chose a god or goddess to act as their patron • A temple would be built in the center of the city in honor of their god • Gifts would be given at the temple to appease their god so they would protect their city • Olympic games started as a religion ceremony between the city-state in honor of Zeus

  7. City-States • Called a polis • Acropolis- the hill at the center of the city containing the temple for that cities patron deity • Agora-the actual city (public square) surrounding the acropolis where city life took place (gov’t and market) • Citizenship-usually landowning males; later, all males • They voted • Citizens could hold office • Citizens could own property • Citizens could participate in court ***citizens provided protection of the polis in return for these rights E. Non-citizens-slaves and foreigners

  8. Social Breakdown • King-provided land to the aristocrats (nobles) • Nobles (aristocrats)-primary citizens; provide military to king in exchange for land grants • Farmers-worked land for nobles in exchange for small plots to live on; provided military for nobles (phalanx-foot soldiers) • Slaves-workers with no rights • 3rd class citizens were merchants-they made good money but were often not citizens because they did not own any land ***conflicts between the social classes led to a rise in a democracy (gov’t controlled by people thru elections)

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