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Early Greece

Early Greece. GEOGRAPHY. Minoans. Minoans (2000-1400 BC) Island of Crete: Knossos Sir Arthur Evans (1898-1935) ~ Excavations Knossos 706,000 sq feet 5,000 inhabitants Social, political, economic, religious center. Plumbing/No Defensive Walls. Mycenaeans. Myceneans (2000-1200 BC)

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Early Greece

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  1. Early Greece

  2. GEOGRAPHY

  3. Minoans • Minoans (2000-1400 BC) • Island of Crete: Knossos • Sir Arthur Evans (1898-1935) ~ Excavations • Knossos 706,000 sq feet • 5,000 inhabitants • Social, political, economic, religious center. • Plumbing/No Defensive Walls

  4. Mycenaeans • Myceneans (2000-1200 BC) • Mainland Greece • Defeat Minoans: 1400s (Era of dominance: 1400-1200 BC) - Warrior Kings (20 ft. thick walls) • Defeated by the Dorians 1200 BC • Trojan War: 1100 BC • Homer: Iliad & Odyssey • Epic Poet or Historian?

  5. Dorians • Dorians – Dark Ages (1150-750 BC) • Little is known in archaeological records. • NO trade • NO written communication • Little Technology • Formation of City-States • Polis – A city-state of ancient Greece. • Acropolis – A walled, high area surrounding a polis. • Agora – An open area that served as a meeting place and market.

  6. The Classical Age of Greece Golden Age of Athens, Persian Wars, and the Peloponnesian War

  7. ATHENIAN DEMOCRACY • Solon – Revised laws. Outlawed debt slavery and tried to reduce poverty by encouraging trade. • Cleisthenes – Divided Athens into 10 tribes that became the basis for elections. (Credited for creating Democracy) • Democracy?…Really? • Women, children, immigrants, slaves could NOT particpate. • 10% of population participated. • Athens used a Direct Democracy where people voted directly on issues. • Why not used in United States?

  8. Persian Wars • First Persian Invasion • Marathon (Phalanx) • Athens beats Persia (Darius). • Second Persian Invasion • Thermopylae • Small Greek force held back large Persian force for 3 days. (Xerxes) • Salamis (Naval Battle) • Persia lost and were stuck in Greece. • Greece Wins Persian Wars!

  9. Golden Age of Athens • Athens & Delian League • Alliance of Greek city-states that was controlled by Athens. • Parthenon was built from $ from Delian League. • Pericles • Skilled politician who encouraged the spreading of democracy. • Commissioned the building of the Parthenon.

  10. ACROPOLIS

  11. PARTHENON

  12. TEMPLE OF ATHENA NIKE

  13. ERECTHEION

  14. Age of Alexander Philip II, & the Rise and Fall of Alexander the Great, Hellenism

  15. Philip II of Macedonia • Macedonians thought of themselves as Greeks, but Greeks saw them as inferior. • Philip II • Phalanx • 16 x 16 (18 ft. pikes) • Calvalry • Demosthenes • Gave warning to the Greeks, but to no avail. • Philip defeats Greece at Chaeronea and then wants to take on Persia. • But he is assassinated.

  16. What makes a great leader? • You are to get into groups of 3-4 students. • Come up with 5 traits and list them in order of importance. • 1 Being the most important. • You must come to an agreement as a group. • You have 10 minutes to make your list.

  17. Alexander Defeats Persia • Philip’s son Alexander proclaims himself king of Macedonia. • Becomes known as Alexander the Great (13 years – many accomplishments). • Alexander vs. Persian King Darius III • Peace offer by Darius. • Ambitious Alexander declines. • Darius & his army flees after defeat. • Alexander turns to Egypt (Persian territory). • Welcomed as a liberator & crowned pharaoh.

  18. Alexander Defeats Persia & More • Alexander turns to Mesopotamia to confront Darius. • Battle at Gaugamela. Darius again panicked and fled. • Opened up Persia’s wealthiest provinces to Alexander. • Distributed wealth among his troops. • Alexander continues into Persia’s Asian provinces to confront Darius. • Darius was already dead. Assassinated by one of his own. • Indus River Valley – Won a fierce battle (200 elephants).

  19. Alexander & His Legacy • Alexander’s Army marched 11,000 miles and fought for 11 years. Alexander was to return home to organize and unify his empire. (Roads, New Cities, Harbors).

  20. Alexander’s Legacy • Generals Fight for Control • Antigonus (King of Macedonia) • Ptolemy (Pharaoh of Egypt) • Seleucus (Persian Empire) • Hellenistic Culture – Blending of cultures. • Egyptian • Persian • Greek • Indian

  21. Pergamum: A Hellenistic City

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