Plant Propagation Techniques A Lesson Plan for 10 th /11 th Grade Biology

1. This presentation will probably involve audience discussion, which will create action items. Use PowerPoint to keep track of these action items during your presentation • In Slide Show, click on the right mouse button • Select “Meeting Minder” • Select the “Action Items” tab • Type in action items as they come up • Click OK to dismiss this box • This will automatically create an Action Item slide at the end of your presentation with your points entered. Plant Propagation TechniquesA Lesson Plan for10th/11th Grade Biology Borderlinks Presentation May 30, 2002 William L. Love, Calipatria HS

2. Introduction • All plants are living organisms. • Man depends on plants for many purposes: Basic to all mankind is the need for food and fiber production. William L. Love, Calipatria HS

3. Introduction, cont. Most of the world has a diet that is high in fruits and vegetables. To a lesser extent, the protein portion of a typical diet is supplied by meat. William L. Love, Calipatria HS

4. Intent of Lesson To discuss methods of propagating plants for the purpose of food and/or fiber production. William L. Love, Calipatria HS

5. Definitions What is Propagation? Reproduction and growth in plants William L. Love, Calipatria HS

6. Why Propagation? To Understand, Know the History William L. Love, Calipatria HS

7. History of Plant Propagation In nomadic times, man would move from place to place. He harvested plants or hunted animals that he encountered along the way. William L. Love, Calipatria HS

8. Quite by accident, someone would drop some seeds, probably from refuse, in a spot that provided the requirements for plant growth. adequate moisture fertile soil temperature protection from the elements. Later in the season or year, on a return trip, someone would notice that plants were growing, and then harvest the fruits, seeds, and/or foliage. An Accident?!?! William L. Love, Calipatria HS

9. Propagating and cultivating begins • Man could now provide for himself without the need for constant movement. • Less movement meant less danger to the clan and a steady supply of nutrient materials. William L. Love, Calipatria HS

10. In the beginning… Man became the crudest of farmers. As time passed, man had the need to increase the amount of materials produced. William L. Love, Calipatria HS

11. Development of Society As society developed man moved from the agricultural age to the industrial age. William L. Love, Calipatria HS

12. Moving Populous • As mankind moved from the country to the city, so too did the need for greater production of foodstuffs. William L. Love, Calipatria HS

13. The Agricultural Age Majority of population lived in the country • During the time of the agricultural age, fully one-third of a farms production went to: • supplying the needs of the farmer • his family • farm workers, and • maintenance of the animals that were used to produce the food. We have always assumed that production from the farm was sold, for use off of the farm. William L. Love, Calipatria HS

14. Population moved from the country to the cities. Population levels increased. Need for higher production yields increased dramatically with the increased population. This was enhanced by a global economy. Food and fiber was exported to countries that were technologically incapable of producing for themselves. Industrial Age William L. Love, Calipatria HS

15. In the beginning of the century a typical American Farmer produced enough food for himself and 7 other people. Who is the Typical American Farmer? William L. Love, Calipatria HS

16. At the close of the century the ratio had increased to 1 farmer for every 500+ people. In addition to the numbers being fed increasing; the number of farmers decreased. 1990 census, the number of farmers was reported as an insignificant percentage of the population (less than 2%). Less Than 100 Years Later William L. Love, Calipatria HS

17. Today , all over the world…. Yet all of the United States and many foreign people depend on the US farmer as their source of food and fibers. William L. Love, Calipatria HS

18. The producer. The goal of every producer: increased production Who Recognized this? William L. Love, Calipatria HS

19. Mother Nature and Plant Production Generally, man has depended on Mother Nature to supply the means for plant production. However, with an increased population and a declining number of producers, Mother Nature needs a helping hand. The birth of biotechnology!!! William L. Love, Calipatria HS

20. Plant Production You place a seed in the ground nurture it and in a short time… a plant can produce fruits, seeds or fibers. William L. Love, Calipatria HS

21. Along the way, man developed different methods to help Mother Nature… Grafting techniques - a method of producing plants that are difficult to grow from seeds or as the method of inventing new or better plants. William L. Love, Calipatria HS

22. Grafting is Biotechnology! Grafting of a tomato plant. William L. Love, Calipatria HS

23. Grafting • In grafting a live plant is cut in such a way to allow the implanting of live tissue from another plant. This in essence, creates a new plant that has desirable effects greater than either of the donor plants. • An example is the Walnut Tree, a cross between a Black Walnut and an English Walnut. • Nectarines are another example. William L. Love, Calipatria HS

24. Biotechnology progresses With the discovery of the DNA molecule man has been able to invent a new method of producing superior plants. William L. Love, Calipatria HS

25. Genetic Engineering • Genetic engineering is the manipulation of the DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) molecule to change the traits that are expressed by the molecule in an organism. • The manipulation involves the “cutting” of the molecule and “inserting” another portion of a DNA. • All of this is possible due to the identification of parts of the DNA molecule and the traits that each portion produce. William L. Love, Calipatria HS

26. Cloning This method is cloning. Cloning produces, what some would call, “super plants”. William L. Love, Calipatria HS

27. What is a “Super Plant?” Plants that are genetically identical to its predecessors. Plants are selected based on the most desirable characteristics such as William L. Love, Calipatria HS

28. Super plants advantages • Higher yields • Resistance to diseases • Pest resistance • Drought tolerance • Heat tolerance William L. Love, Calipatria HS

29. Super plants disadvantages • Decrease in the gene pool • Allergies of man to altered plant genetics Some of the disadvantages are not proven and can only be speculated William L. Love, Calipatria HS

30. Standards Addressed Tenth/eleventh Grade Science: Focus on Genetic engineering and the application to industry and agriculture (4) c. Students know how genetic engineering (biotechnology) is used to produce novel biomedical and agricultural products William L. Love, Calipatria HS

31. Standards, cont. Plant and Soil Science Career Path Cluster 3.14 Students will understand the principles of biotechnology in relation to plant protection and improvement. 3.14.1 Demonstrate an understanding of micro propagation and genetic engineering. William L. Love, Calipatria HS

32. 3.15 Students will understand the use of technology in plant production. 3.15.1 Describe how changes in technology affect plant production and management. 3.15.2 Describe the ways to keep informed about advancements in technology that affect plant and soil science. William L. Love, Calipatria HS

33. Instructional Objectives • Students will be able to identify lab equipment to be used throughout this activity. • Student will be able identify the advantages and disadvantages of super plants. William L. Love, Calipatria HS

34. Instructional Objectives • student will be able to identify advantages and disadvantages of super plants. • Student will be able to work in the laboratory settings with confidence and success. William L. Love, Calipatria HS

35. Student Activities • Introductory Activity • Review Safety Precautions in the laboratory. Not following safety procedures can have bad effects. • Identification of materials and tools. • Safety concerns when working with biological materials • Health concerns • Environmental concerns Proper disposal is important • Understand basic chemical properties of biological materials. William L. Love, Calipatria HS

36. Enabling Activity • Follow step-by-step process for setting up exercise on an individual basis. • Record observations. • Sterilize area to work in. • Prepare receptacle for placing collected tissue with nutrient agar. • Collect tissue from donor plant. • Implant tissue • Cover and place in appropriate growth chamber. William L. Love, Calipatria HS

37. Culminating Activity • Check speciums on a regular basis. • Record observations. • Check pH and CO2 levels, make adjustments if necessary. • Submit reports as required. William L. Love, Calipatria HS

38. Assessment – Lab Report • Lab No. ____ • Underline or highlight all questions (5) • Report is written in blue or black ink (5) • Data table is neat and complete (5) • Data table in filled in accurately (10) • Correctly answer all questions (15) • All illustrations are labeled correctly (5) • Overall neatness (5) • Total Possible Points (50) William L. Love, Calipatria HS

39. Assessments - classroom • Throughout the unit of instruction there are a series of quizzes and tests. • Included is a safety test. The safety test must be passed with a 90% or better score and if not passed is retaken until passed. All safety tests are kept on file in the student data folder. • Tests are combinations of True-False, Multiple Choice, and Short Answer. William L. Love, Calipatria HS

40. Textbooks • Plants from Test Tubes An introduction to micro propagation 3rd edition. Kyte, Lydiane and Kleyn, John. Timber Press, Portland. Oregon. 1996. ISBN 0-18892-361-3. Biology The Web of Life 2nd edition. Strauss, Eric and Lisowski, Marylin. Scott Foresman – Addison Wesley Publishers. 2000. ISBN 0- William L. Love, Calipatria HS

41. Web Resources Biotechnology Terms Dictionary http://www.ncbiotech.org/aboutbt/glossary.cfm The Amazing DNA Molecule: Its History, Structure and Function by Monique Yvonne Gisser Http://www.yale.edu/ynhti/curriculum/units/1999/5/99.05.02.x.html#c William L. Love, Calipatria HS

42. How Cloning Works by Craig C. Freudenrich, Ph.D. http://www.howstuffworks.com/cloning1.htm An Overview of LifeLineTM Products for Plant Tissue Culture http://www.osmotek.com/LifeRaftDescription.html Chapter 38: Plant Propagation and Development, Power point 36-37-38-39 http://205.187.104.8/users/thiele/web/apbio/notes/plants2/chp38_rev.html William L. Love, Calipatria HS

43. Web Resources, cont’d Learning Objectives for General Biology II • http://www.sau.edu/biology/gb2ob1.htm#38 Agricultural Biotechnology: Principles of Plant Science, Tissue Culturing and Genetic Engineering • http://agbiotech.tamu.edu/ag_bio_teks.html William L. Love, Calipatria HS

44. Goals for Next Review William L. Love, Calipatria HS