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Emiru Birhane ICRAF Sustainable intensification in Ethiopia 28-29 Januray 2014 ,

Agroforestry intensification for climate reselince and climate c hange adpatation in Ethiopian farming systems. Emiru Birhane ICRAF Sustainable intensification in Ethiopia 28-29 Januray 2014 , Addis Ababa, ILRI Campus. Outline. Introduction Why intensfing Agroforestry?

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Emiru Birhane ICRAF Sustainable intensification in Ethiopia 28-29 Januray 2014 ,

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  1. Agroforestry intensification for climate reselince and climate change adpatation in Ethiopian farming systems Emiru Birhane ICRAF Sustainable intensification in Ethiopia 28-29 Januray 2014, Addis Ababa, ILRI Campus

  2. Outline • Introduction • Why intensfing Agroforestry? • Agroforestry reselince role • How to intensify agroforestry? • Research needs

  3. Introduction • Subsistence farming practices characterized with • degraded soils, • small farm sizes, and • low agriculture outputs • In these areas where conditions for mono-crop agriculture are often harsh and unpredictable, trees and shrubs integrated into the agricultural system are vital assets of different products for farmers

  4. Why Intensifying agroforestry on Farmlands: What role do/can trees play in enhancing resilience in the face of climate change? • Increase the yield and productivity of food crops • Regenerate soil fertility which is declining in many parts • Make farming systems more resilient to stress • Enhance Food and feed production on farms • Increase Energy supply on farm • Diversify farm enterprises • Increase the farm asset base • Carbon sequestration

  5. Agroforestry Reselince: Microclimate buffering Garrity, ICRAF 2013

  6. Percentage (%) of households facing food shortage Cropping season = ‘hunger gap‘ Harvest season Resilience: hunger gap  year-round supply Kehlenbeck , 2013

  7. Agroforestry Reselince: productivity Faidherbia Trial Results in Zambia Maize yield - zero fertiliser 2008 2009 2010 ----- Tons/ha ------- With Faidherbia 4.1 5.1 5.6 Without Faidherbia1.3 2.6 2.6 ________________________________________________________________Number of trials 15 40 40 • Long-term maize yield without fertilizer in a Gliricidiasystem Gariity 2013

  8. Agroforestry Reselince: productivity Impact of fertilizer trees on maize yield under farmer management _______________________________________ Plot management Yield (t/ha) Maize only 1.30 Maize + fertilizer trees 3.05 ____________________________________________________________ 2011 Survey of farms in six districts (Mzimba, Lilongwe, Mulanje, Salima, Thyolo and Machinga)

  9. Agroforestry: food • Deficiency of iron and vitamins A and C in SSAfrica  Fruits have a high nutritional value Nutrient contents of selected fruits. Sources: Freedman (1998) Famine foods. http://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/FamineFoods; Fruits for the Future Series, ICUC; Fineli (http://www.fineli.fi/), etc. • Kehlenbeck , 2013

  10. Agroforestry: feed Nutritive Value of two of the most dominant browse species (A. melifera and A. nubica) around Aba’ala, Northern Ethiopia (Birhane et al., 2013)

  11. Agroforestry reselince: enhanced fertility Soil C, OM and K are much higher with Faidherbia

  12. Female + children Dilling Dilling Male Talodi Talodi Gubeiha Gubeiha Rashad Rashad 0 0 20 20 40 40 60 60 80 80 100 100 Portion of NTFP income of the total household income (%) Agroforestry reselince: Income generation • High potential for income generation from IFTs: •  Example from the Nuba Mountains, Kordofan, Sudan: up to 90% of total cash income of women in the Nuba Mountains generated from collecting and selling wild fruits (often the women‘s only income source) Contribution of NTFPs, mostly wild fruits, to household income in different areas of the Nuba Mountains (El Tahir & Gebauer 2004), • Kehlenbeck , 2013

  13. How to intensify Agroforestry in the Farming system Two basic pathways 1. Farmer-Managed Natural Regeneration of flag species • 2. Introducing new systems with planting

  14. Combine Fast growing and slow growing DRY SEASON 3m Faidherbia Gliricidia .75m Maize WET SEASON Faidherbia Gliricidia Maize

  15. Research needs • Production data for useful trees • Data on the contribution of food tree products to • family nutrition (seasonality?) • family income generation (use of cash?) • Data on nutrient content of products from lesser known food tree species • Socio-economic/environmental factors influencing cultivation of food trees and consumption of their products (e.g. commercialization) • Data on service functions of tree • Value chain for tree products • Modelling tree crop interaction • Modelling the resilience role of trees on agricultural systems • Role of agroforestry in climate adaptation and carbon sequestration • Methods of intensification

  16. Thank you

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