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APUSH Review: Henry Clay

www.Apushreview.com. Everything You Need To Know About Henry Clay To Succeed In APUSH. APUSH Review: Henry Clay. Henry Clay Through The Ages. Life of Henry Clay. Married to Lucretia Hart Father to 11 children 6 daughters, 5 sons 7 children died before Henry 6 daughters, 1 son – Henry Jr.

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APUSH Review: Henry Clay

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  1. www.Apushreview.com Everything You Need To Know About Henry Clay To Succeed In APUSH APUSH Review: Henry Clay

  2. Henry Clay Through The Ages

  3. Life of Henry Clay • Married to Lucretia Hart • Father to 11 children • 6 daughters, 5 sons • 7 children died before Henry • 6 daughters, 1 son – Henry Jr. • June 29, 1852: Henry died at the age of 75 • First person to lie in state at the Capitol building

  4. Early Political Life • Elected senator from KY at age 29 (That’s unconstitutional!) Why? • Served for the next 40+ years as a senator, Representative, and Secretary of State • Youngest Speaker of the House, elected in his first term (1812)

  5. War of 1812 • Prior to the war, Henry and some colleagues (most notably John C. Calhoun) were “war hawks” • What famous presidents make their name during the War of 1812? • Causes of war? • Impressment • Britain did not respect US neutrality • Chesapeake Incident • Arming of Native Americans • Served as peacemaker during the Treaty of Ghent • Ended the war • No land gained or lost • Britain finally leaves their ports

  6. The Missouri (1820) Compromise • In 1819, Missouri (from the LA Purchase) applied for statehood as a slave state • The problem? • It would upset the slave/free balance • Along comes our hero! • His solution??? • MO added as a slave state • ME (carved from them Massachusetts) would be added as free • 36°30’: (in the future) above: free, below: slave • Clay becomes overnight hero • Tallmadge Amendment: introduced by Tallmadge to eventually grant freedom to children of slaves: never passed, fear of slave restrictions

  7. The election of 1824 • James Monroe finished 8 years as President • The Contenders: • Andrew Jackson • John Quincy Adams (Monroe’s Secretary of State) • William Crawford (has a stroke prior to the election) • Henry Clay • The Outcome: • Jackson wins popular vote, no one wins an electoral majority • Top 3 go to the House to vote (Sorry Henry!)

  8. The “Corrupt Bargain of 1824” • As Speaker of the House, Clay could decide election • If he finished in top 3, he would have been President • Throws his support behind Adams • He disliked the “military chieftan” Jackson • Adams made Clay his Secretary of State (steppingstone to the Presidency) • Jackson and his supporters are furious! • Did Adams/Clay do anything “wrong?” • Legally, no • Clay was the best person to be Secretary of State (may have been Jackson’s as well) • Per the Constitution, the House gets to decide the presidency under those conditions

  9. Impact of “Corrupt Bargain” • Adams’ and Clay’s legacies are tarnished • All but guarantees Jackson the presidency in 1828 • “Bargain” would haunt Clay forever • Jackson v. Clay for remainder of their lives • Jackson said on his deathbed one of his biggest regrets was not shooting Henry Clay

  10. High Tariffs • “Tariff of Abominations” (Tariff of 1828) • Designed to hurt Adams’ presidency • Raised tariff rates sky-high • Which area of the country would like the tariff? Which area(s) would dislike it? • South Carolina, led by Jackson’s vice-president, Calhoun leads protest against the tariff • South Carolina Exposition and Protest • Inspired by Jefferson’s and Madison’s VA and KY Resolutions, Calhoun urged SC to nullify the tariff

  11. Tariff of 1832 • Like the tariff of Abominations, high tariff rates • Without question, Civil War looked imminent • Henry Clay saves the day again (to Jackson’s dismay)

  12. Compromise #2……. • Tariff Compromise of 1833 • The tariff rate would lower 10% a year for the next 8 years • North and South walk away feeling victorious • Jackson signs the “Force Bill” or “Bloody Bill” • Allows the president to use military to collect tariffs in the future • As a sign of defiance, SC nullifies the law, but it was only symbolic

  13. Election of 1832 (Failure #2) • Henry v. Andrew • At the center of the election: The BUS • Jackson hated BUS, vetoed recharter – set to expire in 1836 • Clay favored BUS and its president, Nicholas Biddle • Jackson withdraws all money from BUS, places money in state “pet” banks -> helps lead to Panic of 1837 during MVB’s presidency • Clay loses the election 219-49 

  14. Election of 1844 (Failure #3) • Clay’s best chance to win • By far most popular man in the country (Jackson would die within a year) • Texas would join the Union AFTER the election • Prior to and during the election, TX was a huge debate • Polk (Democratic “dark-horse” and Jackson protégé was in favor of adding), Clay on the fence about it (TX would be a slave state) • Manifest Destiny began sweeping the nation, Polk was in favor of expansion • Polk wins in an upset, Jackson loved life

  15. Mexican American War • War begins after Polk claimed Americans were attacked on American soil • Land was in dispute • Some in Congress wanted to know exact “Spot” • Lincoln (who idolized Clay) • War lasts for 2 years, Clay vehemently against • Son Henry Clay Jr. killed by Mexican bayonets at the Battle of Buena Vista

  16. Impact of Mexican-American War • Further sets off slavery debate • What to do with all this new land? • Wilmot Proviso and Free-Soilers favored NON-EXTENSION of slavery into these territories • Enter Clay one last time, at age 73 no less! I looked like this then!

  17. Compromise of 1850 (Our hero’s 3rd, and most important Compromise) • Southerners wanted all land in Mexican Cession open to slavery, North against it • CA applied for admission as a free state (would tip balance in favor of free, 16-15) • How to make South AND North happy? • 5 parts, voted on separately made up the Compromise • Stephen Douglas (Lincoln-Douglas debates), Senator from IL, also helped play a huge role in the Compromise

  18. 5 Parts • Strict Fugitive Slave Law • Popular Sovereignty in Mexican Cession • California admitted as a free state • Abolition of slave trade in D.C. • Texas paid $ to settle boundary dispute

  19. Impact of Compromise • Avoids Civil War for the next 10 years • Increase tensions over fugitive slave law • North passes “personal liberty laws” • In a sense, the North was nullifying the fugitive slave law • Rise of Stephen Douglas as a leading politician • Calhoun, Jackson, Webster, Clay pass the torch to a new generation of politicians

  20. Thanks for watching! Good luck in May! Don’t forget about me after APUSH. Subscribe Down here! • Subscribe to my channel • Help spread the word • Questions? Comments? Ideas for videos? • Leave in comments

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