APUSH REVIEW

1. APUSH REVIEW TEST – MAY 15, 8 AM 80 M.C. (55 minutes) 1 DBQ, 2 FRQ’S (15 minutes planning, 115 minutes writing)

2. Jamestown - 1607 • English settlement – Virginia Company, James I • Joint-Stock company - $ from gold • Problems – lazy, disease, Indians, famine, poor leadership, no structure • Tobacco – John Smith & J Rolfe • Brought riches to the area • Created a need for labor • “Rights of Englishmen” & House of Burgesses (1619)

3. Jamestown - 1607 • Indentured Servants & Headright System • I.S. – free passage to colony in exchange for labor • 50 acres of land for every person you brought over • Lead to civil unrest and rebellion (Bacon’s Rebellion) • Loses charter in 1624 – Royal Colony

4. Pilgrims & Puritans – Plymouth • Religious motivation not $ • Church of England – James I the church was split – “Separatists” • James was threatened by them • 1620 – The Mayflower – Plymouth – ½ died first winter then prosperity due to strong leaders. • Mayflower Compact – earlier form of self-gov’t – defined gov’t duties

5. Pilgrims & Puritans – Plymouth • Leaders – Miles Standish, William Bradford. • Economy – Indian trade, fish, fur, lumber

6. Puritans – Massachusetts Bay • 1629 Royal charter – Mass. Bay Company • John Winthrop – City On A Hill (1630) • White, male, property-owners had political & voting rights • Zero religious tolerance – Puritan Work Ethic • Halfway Covenant – 1660’s – could join church without being “saved” – decline of power of church

7. Bacon’s Rebellion – 1676 Virginia • Gov Berkeley – favored large landowners and Indian trade • Backcountry farmers threatened by Indians – Berkeley is no help • East v West – Rich v Poor – colonists v gov’t • *Significance – led to relying upon slave labor

8. Mercantilism – Salutary Neglect • Accumulation of wealth determines political/military strength • Colonies are there for motherland • Navigation Acts (1650-73) • Only English ships, ports, export to England only • Positives – shipbuilding, protection, tobacco • Negatives – limiting, low prices for crops, high prices for finished goods • Salutary Neglect – enforcement was lacking – let colonies run themselves =>self-gov’t and that expectation

9. French & Indian War (1754-1763) • Britain v French for control of Ohio River Valley • French built series of forts – Fort Duquesne (Pittsburgh) • G.Washington sent in July, 1754 • General E Braddock – defeat • Algonquin allied with French

10. French & Indian War (1754-1763) • Albany Plan of Union – 1754 – first attempt of colonies to organize (Ben Franklin) • Inter-colonial gov’t – troops, taxes for defense • Failure – colonies were greedy and jealous

11. French & Indian War (1754-1763) • General Wolfe – storms Quebec, 1759 • 1763 – Treaty of Paris • Britain – got French colonies and Spanish Florida • Spain – got western territories in exchange • *Significance – end of French influence and beginning of colonial resentment of the crown; end of Salutary Neglect

12. Proclamation of 1763 • Due to Pontiac’s Rebellion no colonial expansion west of Appalachian Mountains • Moved West in droves…….

13. New Taxes & Regulations • Sugar Act • Quartering Act • Stamp Act – 1765 – all printed materials had to have a stamp (first direct tax) • Stamp Act Congress – 1765 – demand repeal. • Sons of Liberty, violence, etc.

14. New Taxes & Regulations • See the hand-out entitled, “The Path To Revolution”

15. Great Awakening – 1730’s • First “American” movement – Religious movement • Jonathan Edwards – “Sinners in the hands of an angry God” • George Whitefield • Old Lights v New Lights • New Sects – Baptist, Methodist

16. Day #2

17. Deism – Founding Fathers’ Beliefs • God plays a minimal role in life • Emphasized reason, science, natural rights of men • John Locke • Rousseau

18. First Continental Congress • September 1774 – Goal: How to react to the Intolerable Acts? • Important point – Colonists sought resolution, not revolution • Typical FRQ – Was the American Revolution truly a revolution, or simply an evolution of liberties and democracy?

19. First Continental Congress • Economic boycott of England • Declaration of Rights & Grievances • The Association • May 1775, agree to meet as 2nd Continental Congress

20. The Shot Heard ‘Round The World • Battles of Lexington and Concord • 4-18-1775

21. 2nd Continental Congress • May 1775 – G. Washington • New Englanders want Independ. • Middle Colonies want compromise • Declaration of Causes & Necessities for Taking Up Arms (T. Jefferson) • Olive Branch Petition (July) • King – NO! (August) “Prohibitory Act”

22. Common Sense • January 1776 • Thomas Paine • A call for independence – King doesn’t make sense and is often corrupt.

23. Declaration of Independence • Thomas Jefferson – 7-4-1776 • Patriots – mostly New England • Loyalists – NY, NJ – wealthy, clergy

24. Battle at Saratoga • Turning Point – American confidence, Britain changes strategy, FRANCE OPENLY HELPS AMERICANS!!

25. Treaty of Paris - 1783 • U.S. Independent • Western boundary – Mississippi River • Fishing rights off of Canada • Americans pay debts to British merchants and return Loyalists’ lands.

26. General Wishes for New Government • List of rights • 3 branches with sep. powers • Vote = all white, male, property-owners • Higher land requirements for holding office

27. Articles of Confederation • Discussed earlier

28. Constitutional Convention • Summer 1787 • Washington – Chair • Madison – author • Hamilton, Morris, Dickinson – leaders • GOAL – strong government • QUESTION – revise or create?

29. Federalists v. Anti-Federalists • Federalists (wealthy, eastern) • Strong central government • Well organized • Assume all natural rights • Anti-Federalists (western, farmers) • Limits democracy & state’s rights

30. Federalists Papers • 87 essays • Madison, Hamilton, Jay – written to be published in NY to influence the state to ratify the new Constitution • *Promised Bill of Rights

31. Hamilton’s Bank….. • Uses the “elastic clause” of what is “necessary and proper” to justify Bank of US • Pay off debts at face value – assume state debt • Protective tariff • Bank to deposit $ - $ creation • Excise Tax – Whiskey (Whiskey Rebellion)

32. Loose v. Strict Constructionists! • POTENTIAL DBQ!!! • Loose – believed “elastic clause” allowed US to set up powers NOT listed in the Constitution (Hamilton) • Strict – If it’s not listed in the Constitution, the Gov’t CANNOT do it (Jefferson)

33. Washington • 1793 – Proclamation of Neutrality – nation too weak. • 1796 – Farewell • No entangling alliances • No European dealings • No political parties • No sectionalism • No debt • Philosophy until 1900 – Spanish-American War

34. John Adams • XYZ Affair – French seizing U.S. merchant ships • We send delegates – they are asked to send a bribe • U.S. citizens furious, demand war • Adams avoids war! • A lot of criticism from public and papers

35. John Adams • 1798 Alien & Sedition Acts – meant to quiet his critics • Must live here 14 years, not 5 • Deport potentially harmful people • Illegal to print anything about president. • Expires 1800 – in case he loses re-election….. Which, he does

36. Compact Theory – T. Jefferson • KY and VA Resolutions • States entered into a contract (compact) with Federal government – have the right to refuse laws

37. Thomas Jefferson • The “Revolution of 1800” • Peaceful transfer of power from Federalists to Democratic-Republicans. • Remember, the election was a tie between T.J. and Burr – went to House of Representatives for vote

38. Thomas Jefferson • National Bank stayed • Neutrality • Small government & military • Eliminated excise tax

39. Day 3 – What you need! • The Evolution of Democracy… • National Bank • Judicial Nationalism • Expansion of the U.S. • Westward Expansion – A Force.. • Freedom of the Seas • Compromises and the Union • Political Parties Summary • Supreme Court

40. Louisiana Purchase • 1802 Spain revoked right to use port of New Orleans (right of deposit) • Needed it for trade and to keep foreign powers out • 1803 – Napoleon $15 million • 2x size of US, removed foreign powers, extension of frontier

41. Marbury v. Madison • “Midnight Judges” appt by Adams • Madison is Sec of State – told not to deliver commission to Marbury. • Marbury sued • John Marshall – Judiciary Act of 1789 is unconstitutional; therefore making a law of Congress unconstitutional establishes supremacy of S.C.

42. Jefferson & Foreign Troubles • Barbary Pirates • Napoleonic war affecting trade (Embargo Act of 1807) The “O Grab Me” • Leopard v. Chesapeake

43. Cult of Domesticity • I.E. Republican Motherhood • Job of all mothers to educate children to be good little democratic citizens!

44. Election of 1808 • James Madison (VP) wins easily, but Federalists increase in Congress due to Embargo of 1807 • To Fix Economy: • Nonintercourse Act of 1809 • Macon’s Bill No.2

45. War of 1812 • British impressment and Freedom of the Seas • Tecumseh & The Prophet (Natives being helped by Britain) • War Hawks – Clay and Calhoun • Defend honor, get Canada, destroy N.A’s on frontier

46. War of 1812 • Invasion of Canada – failure! • Canadians burn D.C. • Jackson wins at Battle of New Orleans (AFTER war is over)

47. War of 1812 • Treaty of Ghent (Belgium) • End fighting • All territory remained same • Boundary settled • Hartford Convention – Federalists tried to secede from Union – failure – end to Federalists!

48. War of 1812 • Effects: • End to Federalists • Set precedent for nullification • Natives left with no allies • U.S. factories became self-sufficient • War heroes (Jackson & Harrison) • ERA OF GOOD FEELINGS!!

49. Lowell System • System of factories in N.E. that ran like a college campus • Young girls lived on site • Worked until married • Very efficient • Eli Whitney’s “interchangeable parts”

50. Cotton Gin • Eli Whitney – 1793 • Transformed the south – sprawling plantations and slave labor