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The English Reformation to 1553

The English Reformation to 1553. Early Reformers John Wyclif & the Lollards William Tyndale. King Henry VII. Arthur, Prince of Wales [1500]. Young Henry VIII. Young Catherine of Aragon. - Daughter of Ferdinand & Isabella of Spain -Aunt of Holy Roman Emperor Charles V. Henry VIII.

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The English Reformation to 1553

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  1. The English Reformation to 1553

  2. Early Reformers • John Wyclif & the Lollards • William Tyndale

  3. King Henry VII

  4. Arthur, Prince of Wales[1500] Young Henry VIII

  5. Young Catherine of Aragon -Daughter of Ferdinand & Isabella of Spain -Aunt of Holy Roman Emperor Charles V

  6. Henry VIII

  7. B. Henry VIII (1509-1547) • Had earlier been critical of Lutheranism and reform • supported Catholicism & Pope • Wrote Defense of Seven Sacraments – as an argument to Luther • Pope gave Henry title “Defender of the Faith” • English kings had power to appoint bishops !!

  8. B. Henry VIII (1509-1547) • 2. Henry sought an annulment from his wife Catherine of Aragon • Only 1 child = Mary, out of 5 childbirths • Necessary to have son to ensure Tudor Dynasty • Mary was betrothed to a French prince IF Henry died England would belong to a French Prince

  9. Henry VIII

  10. Wife #1--Catherine of Aragon

  11. Stained Glass Window of Catherine of Aragon

  12. Mary I @ 28 years old]

  13. B. Henry VIII (1509-1547) 3. Henry believed God was punishing him, Leviticus a. Had earlier received a papal dispensation allowing him to marry Catherine b. Now he sought the annulment 4. He already had a mistress, Anne Boleyn

  14. C. The Church of England – Henry breaks away from the Catholic Church • Pope unable to grant a papa; dispensation after 1527 • Why? • HRE Charles V had just sacked Rome, Charles was in control • Catherine was Charles’ aunt – an annulment would make her an adulteress & Mary iligitimate

  15. Charles V, Nephew to Catherine of Aragan & cousin to Mary Tudor

  16. C. The Church of England – Henry breaks away from the Catholic Church • 2. Cardinal Wolsey, failed at getting the annulment • 3. Thomas Cranmer replaced Wolsey and convinced Henry in 1533 that he could divorce Catherine by breaking away from Rome • Henry secretly married Anne in 1533 (6 months pregnant w/Elizabeth )

  17. Thomas Cranmer

  18. Wife #2--Anne Boleyn [1501536]

  19. Anne Boleyn Miniature

  20. C. The Church of England • 4. Henry broke away from the Catholic Church and formed the Church of England (Anglican Church) • Act of Supremacy 1534, made king head of the church • All Catholic lands (25% of England) confiscated and sold

  21. C. The Church of England c. Monasteries were closed d. Act Succession 1534: All the king’s subjects had to take an oath of loyalty to the king as head of the Anglican Church - Henry ordered the execution of Thomas More for refusing to take the oath

  22. Sir Thomas More,Lord Chancellor of England

  23. C. The Church of England 5. 1536, opposition in the North to Henry’s reformation led to the Pilgrimage of Grace, a huge multi-class rebellion; the largest in English history

  24. Pilgrimage of Grace

  25. C. The Church of England • 6. In total, Henry had 6 wives • Anne Boleyn was executed • Henry’s 3rd wife, Jane Seymore, had son & died

  26. Tower GreenWhere Anne Boleyn was Executed

  27. #3--Jane Seymour [1508-1537]

  28. “Baby” Edward VI

  29. #4--Anne of Cleves [1515-1557]

  30. #5--Katherine Howard [1525-1542]

  31. #6--Katherine Parr [1512-1548]

  32. Henry VIII’s Family

  33. D. Edward VI (1547-1553) • 10 yrs old when he b/c king, protestant • England moved towards Protestantism: Calvinism • New Practices • Clergy could marry • Iconic images removed from churches • Communion by the laity was expanded

  34. D. Edward VI (1547-1553) b. New Doctrines - salvation by faith alone - denial of transubstantiation - only 2 sacraments: baptism and communion 3. Edward’s dies in 1553

  35. Henry’s Deathbed

  36. Edward VI [r. 1547-1553]

  37. Henry VIII’s Children 1510 Daughter - died1511 Son - died1513 Son - died1514 Son - died1516 Mary - survived1518 Daughter - died1533 Elizabeth - survived1534 Son - died1535 unknown - died1536 Son - died1537 Edward- survived

  38. D. Edward VI (1547-1553) After Edward died - Lady Jane Grey was placed on the throne for a short period - Mary & Elizabeth raised an army, charged London and arrested Jane - Mary b/c Queen and Jane was executed

  39. Lady Jane Grey “Ruled” England from July 10–19, 1553

  40. E. Mary Tudor (r. 1553-1558) • Tried to restore England to Catholicism • Daughter of Henry & Catherine of Aragon • Married Philip II, future heir to the Spanish throne • Mary rescinded reformation legislation of Henry’s & Edward’s Reign

  41. E. Mary Tudor (r. 1553-1558) 4. Marian exiles: Protestants fled England fearing persecution 5. 300 people executed including bishops and Archbishop Cranmer; her opponents called her “Bloody Mary” Mary died without an heir to the throne Elizabeth b/c Queen of England

  42. Queen Mary I or “Bloody Mary”[r. 1553 – 1558]

  43. Philip II & Mary Tudor Married & planned to unite the empires of England and Spain

  44. “Bloody Mary”

  45. F. Elizabeth I (r. 1558-1603) the “Virgin Queen” • 1. Daughter of Henry & Anne Boleyn • Catholics rejected her • She was Protestant • 2. Effectively dev. Protestantism in England • a. Politique: she was a practical politician

  46. F. Elizabeth I (r. 1558-1603) the “Virgin Queen” b. Puritans (Calvinists) sought at this time to reform or purify the Church of England

  47. F. Elizabeth I (r. 1558-1603) the “Virgin Queen” • 3. “Elizabethan Settlement” : required people conform to the Church of England but allowed to worship Protestantism & Catholicism privately • a. like Catholic (Book of Common Prayer • b. Catholicism strong w/nobles • c. Services in English • d. Monasteries not opened • e. Clergy not allowed to marry • f. No church = jail

  48. F. Elizabeth I (r. 1558-1603) the “Virgin Queen” 4. 1563, Thirty-Nine Articles: defined the beliefs of the Anglican Church - followed Protestant doctrine but did not accommodate Puritans 5. Some Catholics unsuccessfully plotted assassination attempts and invasions against Elizabeth a. Mary Queen of Scotland b. King Philip II – Spanish Armada

  49. Queen Elizabeth I

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