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The Great Depression and the Authoritarian Response

The Great Depression and the Authoritarian Response. Long-Term Causes of the Great Depression. WWI led to war-induced inflation Structural problems with agricultural Dependent economies (non-core nations) fell into trouble Poor government leadership. The Great Depression.

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The Great Depression and the Authoritarian Response

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  1. The Great Depression and the Authoritarian Response

  2. Long-Term Causes of the Great Depression • WWI led to war-induced inflation • Structural problems with agricultural • Dependent economies (non-core nations) fell into trouble • Poor government leadership

  3. The Great Depression • October 1929 NY Stock market crashed • Depression spiraled • Social ills led to questioning liberal democracy as a form of government • Soviet Union largely untouched because it was cut off from the global market • Japan severely affected because of exports • L. America- led to new state involvement in economy

  4. Responses in Western Europe • First reaction- close and protect-exacerbated situation • Political polarization

  5. U.S. • Franklin Roosevelt’s New Deal offered more direct aid and established systems like Social Security • As a result, the U.S. did not experience extreme political movements

  6. Nazism and Fascism • Fascists promised a strong leader and military policy • Hitler led the National Socialist (Nazi) party • Once in power quickly turned into a totalitarian state that wanted to extend the empire • Rearmament and Anschluss • Sep. 1939 invaded Poland • Agreement with Russia

  7. Spread of Fascism and Spanish Civil War • Benito Mussolini in Italy 1935 attack on Ethiopia to avenge colonial loss earlier • 1936-1939 civil war in Spain • Gen. Franco (dictator) emerged as leader

  8. Latin America • New pol. Parties attacked liberalism and capitalism • Import substitution industrialization • Population growth • Dependent economies • Rise of middle class

  9. Great Crash in L. America • Dependent economies crashed • Authoritarian leaders rise to power such as: • Vargas regime in Brazil • Peron in Argentina

  10. Militarization in Japan • Authoritarian military rule • 1931 depression but actively responded to the Depression, so suffered much less • Mass patriotism, new policies • 1936 attempted coup led to series of militaristic prime ministers • 1938- Japan ready for wider conquest

  11. Stalinism in the Soviet Union • Collectivization in 1928 offered opportunity to mechanize farming and control peasantry • Kulaks killed or deported in 1930s • Five-year plans for industrializing (focused on heavy industry) • Huge increase in output • Move to cities • Factory workers somewhat appeased

  12. Totalitarian Rule • New control over intellectual life • Socialist realism as art • Police • Great purge 1937-1938 • Failed foreign policy

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