Integrated Water Resources Management: Emperor's New Clothes or Indispensable Process?

1. Integrated Water Resources Management: The Emperor’s New Clothes or Indispensable Process?Columbia University Water Center – CUAHSI Webinar 20 October 2015 Michael E. CampanaTech. Director, AWRA; Global Water Partnership; ICIWaRMProfessor of Hydrogeology & Water Resources Mgmt. Oregon State University

2. Talk Purpose (online at http://www.waterwired.org) • Introduction to IWRM Emperor & Water King • What is IWRM? • Purpose of IWRM • Examples of IWRM in the US; Oregon’s IWRS • Resources and Activities • Groundwater and IWRM • A Juggernaut? Really? • My Takes: GW, Pros, Cons, the Future • Appendix – Parsing GWP IWRM Statement by • John C. Tracy

3. The Water King’s (Emperor’s • Evil Twin) 3 Commandments! • “A fool and water will go • go the way they are diverted.” • – African proverb • 2) “Nothing is impossible for the man who doesn’t have to do it himself.” • 3) Bottled water = $3.2M/acre-foot • (see #1)

4. Thanks – IWRM ‘Brain Trust’! • Brenda O. Bateman, Oregon WRD & AWRA • Ari Michelsen, Texas A&M & AWRA • Wayne S. Wright, GeoEngineers & AWRA • Steven L. Stockton, Dir., Civil Works, USACE • Ada Benavides, USACE HQ • Carol Collier, Drexel University & AWRA • John R. Wells, Consultant & AWRA • Lisa Beutler, MWH Global & AWRA • John C. Tracy, University of Idaho & AWRA • Ken Reid, AWRA Executive VP • Dick Engberg, Former AWRA Tech. DirectorMary Frances Campana, Spouse & Librarian Extraordinaire

5. What Do We Mean By ‘Integrated’? What is ‘integrated’? From Dictionary.com: 1. Combining or coordinatingseparate elements so as to provide a harmonious, interrelated whole: an integrated plot; an integrated course of study. 2. Organized or structured so that constituent units function cooperatively: an integrated economy. 3. Having, including, or serving members of different racial, religious, and ethnic groups as equals: an integrated school.  Compare segregated. 4. Sociology. Of or pertaining to a group or society whose members interact on the basis of commonly held norms or values. 5. Psychology. Characterized by integration.

6. What is IWRM? Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) is a process which promotes the coordinated development and management of water, land and related resources in order to maximise economic and social welfare in an equitable manner without compromising the sustainability of vital ecosystems and the environment. – Global Water Partnership [http://is.gd/7l3kZD] Origin: Dublin Principles in 1992 [http://bit.ly/1jRB7EO]

7. Operational Concept Operationally, IWRM approaches involve applying knowledge from various disciplines as well as insights from diverse stakeholders to devise and implement efficient, equitable and sustainable solutions to water and development problems (GWP 2000; http://www.gwp.org/) [Others: One Water; One Water One Watershed (OWOW)]

8. The Integrated Water Resources Management Spiral

9. World IWRM Principles • Comprehensive (integrated) • Participatory • Planning and implementation tool • Balances social and economic needs • Ensures protection of ecosystems for future generations

10. IWRMAlternate definition:“I can’t define integrated water resources management, but I know it when I see it.”-– M. Campana (apologies to former Supreme Court Justice Potter Stewart)

11. Note:In some circles, ‘Integrated Water Resources Management’ is being supplanted by ‘Integrated Sustainable Water (Resources) Management’(because of Sustainable Development Goals)(ISWaRMorISWaM)

12. Some IWRM Examples(?) “In the West, when you touch water, you touch everything.” – Wayne N. Aspinall

13. Early US Approaches to IWRM? • T • Tennessee Valley Authority • J John Wesley Powell: • arid states = watersheds

14. Extreme Powell - IWRM? United States of Watersheds • See: http://wapo.st/1W2mfoo

15. Extreme Powell #2- IWRM? United States of Watersheds • See: http://bit.ly/1LGA19J • (paper by Jerry Kauffman)

17. Oregon’s Integrated Water Resources Strategy • “The road to help is paved with good intentions.” - Tracy Baker

18. Extreme Powell #2- IWRM?

19. Fall 2008 Roundtables

20. Developing Oregon’s Statewide Integrated Water Resources Strategy Oregon’s House Bill 3369 (2009) • Directed OWRD to lead efforts to “understand and meet” Oregon’s water needs” • Partner with water quality, fish & wildlife, agriculture, other agencies, tribes, stakeholders, & public • Account for coming pressures (climate change, • population, land use issues) • instream and out-of-stream • …quality, quantity & ecosystem needs …today and in the future

21. Oregon’s Integrated Water Resources Strategy (http://is.gd/injzOC) • Adopted in August 2012 • Serves as Oregon’s blueprint for meeting instream and out-of-stream needs • Covers 13 issue areas • Contains more than 40 recommended actions • Place-based planning (http://1.usa.gov/1GfaJiE)

22. Oregon IWRS: Researched Other States Developed a Discussion Paper & Draft Guidelines (https://bitly.com/1ou046g) Washington Watershed Planning California IRWM Texas Regional Planning

23. Place-Based Water Planning (http://1.usa.gov/1GfaJiE) • Should recognize the public interest in water • Maintain state authorities and responsibilities for management of water resources; plans must comply with existing state laws and requirements • Include a meaningful process for public involvement, with public meetings • Include balanced representation of all interests • Be integrated, addressing instream and out-of-stream needs, including water quantity, water quality, and ecosystem needs • Account for groundwater and surface water (e.g., interaction) • Delineate and describe local population centers, key industries, and listed fish species, among many other factors that influence the use and management of water 2012 IWRS , p. 80-81

24. Resources & Activities: AWRA, USACE, GWP, UNEP-DHI, ICIWaRM “No policy without a calamity.” - Dutch saying

25. AWRA IWRM Activities • Multidisciplinary AWRA: well-suited to IWRM • Established IWRM Technical Committee • Held Four Water Policy Dialogueshttp://is.gd/aIjto0 • Water Resources IMPACT issues in May 2011 & 2015; Webinars; Two Reports • Survey of water professionals & IWRM 2006 • IWRM Policy Statement: 2011; updated 2015 • IWRM Specialty Conferences in 2011& 2014 • Established IWRM Project Award in 2012

26. AWRA IWRM Conferences & More • June 2011- Snowbird, UT - Integrated Water Resources Management: The Emperor’s New Clothes or Indispensable Process? http://is.gd/xLa7UC • Symposium on Collaborative Modeling & IWRM at Snowbird: http://is.gd/u4f8zp • Water Resources IMPACT IWRMissues: May 2011: http://is.gd/21QTGj May 2015: http://bit.ly/1Kl1g40 • Summer 2014 Conference: IWRM – From Theory to Application, 30 June – 2 July, Reno, NV http://is.gd/THmAha

27. AWRA IWRM Report - Case Studies Case Studies in Integrated Water Resources Management: From Local Stewardship to National Vision A Report by the Policy Committee of the American Water Resources Association Download: http://is.gd/3qgfZl Additional IWRM Resources ($$): http://is.gd/gzZcW2

28. AWRA IWRM Report – Floods and Droughts Proactive Flood and Drought Management Report: A Selection of Applied Strategies and Lessons Learned from Around the United States A Report by the Policy Committee of the American Water Resources Association Download: http://is.gd/M7hlja Additional IWRM Resources ($$): http://is.gd/gzZcW2

29. USACE Report: Understanding Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) Download: http://is.gd/8Ih143

30. Watertoolbox.us

31. Other Resources GWP Toolbox: http://www.gwp.org/en/ToolBox/ UNEP-DHI IWRM Data Portal: http://iwrmdataportal.unepdhi.org/index.html ICIWaRM(@ USACE IWR http://www.iwr.usace.army.mil/): http://iciwarm.sites.usa.gov/

32. Groundwater & Juggernauts “Water is the Rubik’s Cube of public policy.”– John Laird, California Resources Secretary (suggests there is a solution!)

33. IWRM and Groundwater[http://bit.ly/1M596WX]GWP GW Training Manual: http://bit.ly/1M51zRO • IWRM: • Sustainability • Watershed is often used as the ‘management unit’ • Groundwater: • Sustainably pumped? • Boundaries? • Nonrenewability – an issue

34. Nonrenewable Groundwater • Limited replenishment (recharge) • Limited replenishment, large • storage • Replenished, but over long time • scales • Water is mined (abstraction > R) • Polluted • ‘Decoupled’ from hydrologic cycle

35. Groundwatershed and Surface Watershed BoundariesOften Do Not Correspond(thanks to Todd Jarvis)

36. A Juggernaut? Really? • 'From IWRM Back to Integrated Water Resources Management’ paper by Mark Giordano & Tushaar Shah (http://is.gd/CpBt1h) An IWRM juggernaut? “Integrated water resources management provides a set of ideas to help us manage water more holistically. However, these ideas have been formalized over time in what has now become, in capitals, Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM), with specific prescriptive principles whose implementation is often supported by donor funding and international advocacy. IWRM has now become an end in itself, in some cases undermining functioning water management systems, in others setting back needed water reform agendas, and in yet others becoming a tool to mask other agendas. Critically, the current monopoly of IWRM in global water management discourse is shutting out alternative thinking on pragmatic solutions to existing water problems.”

37. My Take: Groundwater & Juggernauts “When the fox preaches, turn to the geese.” - German proverb

38. My Take - Groundwater • Use of the watershed scale and sustainability requirement could preclude inclusion of nonrenewable groundwater in IWRM. • However, as water resources become further stressed by climate change, population growth, etc., nonrenewable groundwater will become more important as a water source, if only as a buffer or temporary supply. • Recommendation:Must consider NR GW as a component of IWRM & devise ways to manage it, perhaps in concert with Managed Aquifer Recharge (MAR) or Managed Aquifer Depletion (MAD).

39. My Take - Juggernauts You can certainly (and should) support and practice integrated water resources management without buying into the IWRM juggernaut. If you want to call what you do IWRM, I don't have a problem with that. To me, IWRM is an abbreviation describing a process.   I like how Giordano and Shah conclude their paper: "As Elinor Ostrom and her colleagues concluded a decade ago: (1) there is no one best system for governing water resources; and (2) many more viable options exist for resource management than envisioned in much of the policy literature. (Ostrom, Stern, & Dietz, 2003). We need to put the problems first and then work to find pragmatic solutions, whether they use IWRM principles or not." - Mark Giordano and Tushaar Shah “If it ain’t broke, don’t fix it” - Unknown

40. My Take: IWRM - Pros, Cons, Future • “We learn nothing from history except that we learn nothing from history.”– Cicero

41. Pros • Holistic perspective • More concern for the environment • Provides framework for managing/planning • Encourages long-range thinking • Promotes connections between stakeholders, especially when used with shared-vision planning (collaborative modeling) • Inherently interdisciplinary and multi-disciplinary – many viewpoints

42. Cons & Issues • Can get expensive and time-consuming fast • Many different disciplines often required • Sometimes can be too‘all-inclusive’ • Training programs scarce • Vague – unsure exactly what it is, acceptance not universal • Metrics, monitoring & evaluation • Funders may balk at expense and detail required • Beware! The ‘Dogs of Benefit-Cost Analysis’ bit.ly/1Ngb6qd

43. Future • Scalability • Apply to basin-specific issues • Conducive to compartmentalization • Resilience • Applications to climate-sensitive regions • More groundwater applications • More sophisticated modeling • More training programs, including games • Develop/improve metrics, monitoring & evauation • Improve communication with funders, regulators, stakeholders, public, professionals, etc., so as to promote acceptance

44. Thank You! aquadoc@oregonstate.edu; aquadoc@awra.orgBlog: http://www.waterwired.orgTwitter: @WaterWiredLinkedIn

45. Appendix Parsing GWP IWRM Statement John C. TracyID Water Resources Res. Inst. tracy@uidaho.edu “In theory, there is no difference between theory and practice. In practice, there is.” - Yogi Berra

46. What is IWRM? The Global Water Partnership provides a fairly good generic definition that can fit most situations, which is stated as: 'IWRM is a process which promotes the coordinated development and management of water, land and related resources, in order to maximize the resultant economic and social welfare in an equitable manner without compromising the sustainability of vital ecosystems.‘ (The elements highlighted in red are mine).

47. What does IWRM Fix? Trying to interpret the highlighted words: Coordinated – This implies that multiple decision making and influencing entities will be involved in the planning and management process. Maximize (Economic and Social Welfare) – This implies a profit motivation must be involved; but over what time scale does this maximization occur?

48. What does IWRM Fix? Interpreting the highlighted words (continued): Equitable – This implies that all entities must have their issues and objectives effectively addressed. Sustainable – This implies that the process should arrive at a plan that minimizes the chance that it will fail within the foreseeable future.

49. What does IWRM Mean? Parsing the highlighted words: From a water resources systems point of view, the terms Maximize, Equitable and Sustainable result in three different problem statements. If our water resources planning problem can be stated as: Water management decisions = X Plan outcome = F(X) Lower limits on decisions = Ylower Upper limits on decisions = Yupper

50. What does IWRM Mean? Parsing the highlighted words: Maximizing the Social and Economic Welfare: Max F(X) subject to: Ylower < X < Yupper If one water use provides a much greater return than others, then maximization leads to water management actions meeting the highest value use first, then next highest, etc. until there is no more water. In essence, this is the free water trading market solution that economists love discuss.