Sedimentary Petrology GEO 333

1. Sedimentary PetrologyGEO 333 Lab (1) Introduction 2009 Mansour Al-Hashim

2. Objectives of Lab 1 • Syllabus • Course Objectives • Equipment • Introduction • Main Minerals of Sedimentary Rocks

3. Syllabus (1) • Instructor: Mansour Al-Hashim • Office hours: Saturday through Wednesday 2-4 pm • Room: 1B58 • Email: malhashim@ksu.edu.sa • Course: Sedimentary Petrology (GEO 333)

4. Syllabus (2) • Recommended texts: • Petrology of Sedimentary Rocks by Robert L. Folk, 1974. Hemphill Publishing Company, Austin, Texas, USA. • Sedimentary Petrology by Tucker, M.E., 2001,3rd edition. Blackwell Science, Oxford, UK. • Sedimentary Petrology by Blatt, H., 1992, 2nd edition. Freeman Co., New York, USA.

5. Syllabus (3) • Recommended texts: • Origin of sedimentary rocks by Blatt, H., Middleton, G.V., and Murray, R., 1980,2nd edition. Prentice-Hall, New Jersey, 782 p. • Sand and sandstone by Pettijohn, F.J., Potter, P.E., and Siever, R., 1987. Springer-Verlag, Berlin.

6. Syllabus (4) • Grading • Laboratory exercises (4 pts.) • Short quizzes (4 pts.) • Attendance, participation, and effort (2 pts.) • First exam (10 pts.) • Final exam (10 pts.) Note: for a detailed syllabus, see attached Word file (not ready yet!)

7. Course Objectives (1) • Knowing the basic concepts in the classification of sedimentary rocks. • Knowing the processes that erode, transport, and deposit sediments. • Observing physical characteristics of sedimentary rocks, especially mineral composition and texture.

8. Course Objectives (2) • Understanding the main classifications used in clastic sedimentology. • Using some statistical methods and quantitative techniques in sedimentology. • To be introduced to some nomenclatures used to name sediments and sedimentary rocks.

9. Equipment • Lab notebook • Pencils • Calculator • Hand lenses • Grain size cards

10. Introduction Sedimentary processes of weathering, transportation, and deposition produce three products: 1.Quartz (Conglomerate and Sandstone) 2. Clay (Shale and Mudstone) 3. CaCO3 (Limestone and Dolomite)

11. Bowen’s Reaction Series From csmres.jmu.edu

12. Weathering • Except for quartz, all other rock-forming minerals either dissolve or decompose to form new minerals. • Quartz does not weather (chemically). • Orthoclase weathers to form clay. • Ca plagioclase dissolves into solution to form CaCO3.

13. From csmres.jmu.edu

14. Transportation and Sorting • Weathering products are separated by transportation. • The quartz settles quickly and form rocks such as sandstone and siltstone. • The clay stays in suspension until it settles to form shale and mudstone. • The dissolved CaCO3 precipitates to form limestone or dolomite.

15. Transportation and Sorting From csmres.jmu.edu

16. From csmres.jmu.edu

17. The Main Minerals that Form Sedimentary Rocks 1. Quartz • Very common on the surface of the Earth. • Glassy mineral. Conchoidal fracture. Hardness=7. • Strong crystals with no cleavage. • A component of many igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary rocks. • Usually appears light gray in rocks. • Similar in appearance to Na Plagioclase.

18. Quartz SiO2 From csmres.jmu.edu From mindat.org

19. The Main Minerals that Form Sedimentary Rocks 2. Clay • Forms from the chemical weathering of feldspars (e.g. orthoclase). • Extremely fine grained (less than 1/256 mm). • Tends to be white or tan, especially if pure. • Refers to a group of minerals known as clay minerals.

20. Clay Shale From csmres.jmu.edu

21. The Main Minerals that Form Sedimentary Rocks 3. Calcite (CaCO3) • Trigonal. • Very common. • Wide variety of colors. Hardness=3. • Highly variable regarding forms and colors. • Characteristic properties include low hardness and high reactivity with acids. • From "chalix" the Greek word for lime.

22. Calcite From mindat.org From mindat.org CaCO3

23. Assignment (1)

24. References • Klein and Hurlbut, 1993. Manual of mineralogy. • Pettijohn et al., 1987. Sand and sandstone. • csmres.jmu.edu • mindat.org

25. The End