Discussion Wednesday

1. DiscussionWednesday

2. Goals of this Meeting • Provide an overview of establish Land requirements from several key international stake-holders. • Similarly obtain an overview of observing capabilities • Will need to deal with in situ in more detail subsequently. • Land cover is fundamental to meeting many of the land requirements. • Hope to reach some consensus on the fundamental deficiencies in measuring and monitoring LC

3. Goals of this Meeting • Need to decide how we will deal with certain of the sub-themes, • especially where we do not have sufficient representative range of experts at the first meeting. • Conservation and biodiversity • Soils • Socio-economic observations • Sub-groups vs. enlarging the Team. • Suggest biogeochemical cycles is not included. • Does not really make sense only to consider terrestrial aspects of N, S cycles etc.

4. Timeline • September 2004 Agreement on the scope of IGOL. • This will be as much concerned with what is not included as what will be. • January 2005 the first preliminary statement will be made of needed enhancements. • July 2005 the first draft of the plan will be completed • December 2005 the final report will be submitted.

5. Discussion • IGOL Overview Issues • Program Relevance • Program Context • Program Implementation • Observations Requirements/Capabilities/Gaps and Deficiencies • Tables and notes • Important cross-cutting issues for IGOL report • e.g. Product Validation, Data Access, Data Archive • Proto-statement for GEOSS • Next meeting and team organization

6. IGOL Issues • Relevance • Emphasis on societal benefit and associated underpinning science • For Land and Resource Management - Global observations must have relevance at the national / (local) level • Needs to be Responsive to Conventions and Assessments • Program Context • Global Observations - refers to coverage not to scale of analysis • Strong tie in and cross walk to GEOSS • Appropriate Topic Areas • Timeframe – 2yrs, 6yrs, 10 yrs • Recognize some commonalty between IGOS Themes – seen as a strength • E.g. Carbon, Water, Hazards

7. IGOL Issues • Implementation • International program implementation by UN agencies is sometimes constrained by the UN System – national submission and endorsement of information – data access - what is the role of independent assessment • Note Space agencies have their own problems • As the observations are converted to information and it is relevant at the national level they will be used –capacity building is needed to assist in use • Science programs are evolving – and can provide insights into improved methods of analysis, new indicators and new data needs BUT ultimate test is whether the outputs are relevant to policy and decision making • One approach is to start with the policy question and work back to the data needs – rather than start with land cover and see how it can be used - data collection often in advance of the policy • Int. Conventions are providing new requirements on data collection and information from national govts and int. agencies • In Europe ‘directives’ are starting to change data collection and reporting at the local and national level • International science mechanisms are starting to guide the conventions • There are multiple approaches for assessment and monitoring and reporting of the same phenomena – IGOL will need to be inclusive and responsive • There is also a need for independent evaluation of the different methodologies for collecting and utilizing observations • Support ultimately must come from National Govts – hence need for relevance

8. Focus Discussions By Topic • Requirements • Current Capabilities • Gaps in Observations • Deficiencies

9. Crosswalk • GEOSS Societal Benefits • Disasters (Hazards Theme) • Health (?) - some linkages • Energy • Climate • Water • Weather • Ecosystems • Agriculture • Biodiversity IGOL Topics • Land Cover and Land Use and Change (inc. degradation) • Human settlement and population (urban and civil infrastructure ? ) • Managed ecosystems • Agriculture – Food Security • pastoralism, • forestry • Natural ecosystems • Conservation, biodiversity, sustainable use (inc. goods and services – link to ME) • Soils (inc Degradation) • Biogeochemical cycles (OUT!) • Elevation / Physiography ?

10. IGOL SCOPE discussion • This is less of a science theme than others – more associated with development and policy • Perhaps Need a better balance between TOPICS – a real mix of classes - Land use / Soils / Managed Ecosystems – what are the variables • Possible divide into broader - Physical/Anthropogenic/Ecosystem Condition • Natural Ecosystems (is outdated terminology) • This one focuses on humans influence and are influenced by environment • Speed of change is different in different variables • Collect Observations that feed indicators which are policy relevant • One approach maybe to establish champion users to refine observation needs • Human settlement and population may be too restrictive – this shouldn’t be the only basked for socio econ component – roads/infrastructure, land tenure – integration of socio econ under other topics - this one appears to Urban - This topic Should include Infrastructure • GTOS coastal – has broken out the socio econ variables • What’s the relationship between Land use and Managed Ecosystems • Keep the Focus on Observations – recognize that requirements are set in the context of the eventual analysis and use

11. IGOL SCOPE discussion Alternative Structure was considered but still had problems • Land Cover and Change • Inc. Water bodies, Wetlands, Albedo • Land Use and Change (sustainable use is good practice) • Urban / Human settlement and population (urban and civil, transportation infrastructure ? ) • Agriculture • Pastoralism • Forestry • Conservation – inc. Wetlands - Related Human Health ( But this does not address Ecosystem Goods and Services – some discussion Ecosystem should be at a higher level as in the original ) • Soils –inc. Degradation • Biodiversity – (not a good match to GEOSS) • Biogeochemical cycles ( OUT! But recognize that our obs could be used in a broader Biiogeo theme) • Elevation / Physiography ?

12. Food Security • Subset of Agriculture • Good RS relevance • Better in-situ than most • Good Stakeholder interest • Well documented observations requirements • Crosslink to weather • Satellite • RR, Geostationary • Consistent Time Series needed • Data integration – critical

13. Discussion on Breakouts • Land Cover and Land Cover Change - PLENARY (fundamental deficiencies in monitoring land cover) • Requirements • Spatial Resolutions (Mod/High/Very High – optical microwave ) • Temporal Resolution (NRT, Hotspots, Annual coverage) • Current capabilities • Perceived Gaps • Issues of how to implement this • Land Use - BREAKOUT • Human settlement, population, infrastructure – BREAKOUT • Population Density • Impervious Surfaces • Roads • Managed ecosystems • Agriculture - crops • Rangeland • Forestry • Natural Ecosystems • Wetlands (look at ESA requirements doc. / discussion w. NASA on their emerging requirements) • Conservation, biodiversity, • Sustainable use. • Soils (Freddy) – 1 pager – possible IGOL thematic workshop • Biogeochemical cycles • Elevation

14. High Resn Landcover Deficiencies Current Obstacles • Technical • Coverage and Availability • User friendly format • Data could be available (Spot, IRS, etc) for global high res’n mapping • Consensus Methodology TBD for LCC • Consensus Methodology for validation of product • Processing • Financial • Cost • Institutional • No institutional mechanism or responsibility • Limited institutional capacity for global wall to wall (e.g. Earthsat) • Centralized versus distributed production • Continuity of data provision • Communication (and terminology) • Unable to sell/ market the Land ULCC - particularly technical feasibility and societal benefit rationale – hence GEOSS – • Millennium Goals with UN donors

15. Land use breakout session -Products Existing observations include: Irrigated land, Protected areas, Forest, Crop land and grazing land areas (yield and production, cultivation intensity, biomass), Farming systems, Water impoundments (includes water bodies such as wetlands) Proposed new observations include: Plantations, Built-up area (Urban/road/recreation etc), In situ sampling and validation: e.g. 1:2 000, 1:10 000 for particular sampling frame (restricted areas) Socio economic context Ownership, Land tenure (plot size) Management level Institutional responsibility Services and benefits Inputs e.g. fertilizers, labor, mechanization, technology Product: Land use change DEGRADATION and DISTURBANCE

16. Land Use • Land Use Types to be delineated • Standardized Characterization of Land Use • We do need an initiative equivalent to LCCS of LU • Social Economic Context • Land Use Change (Annual Monitoring) • Annual monitoring linked to land cover • Reality check • Phase in may require initial monitoring less frequent (or coarser resolution) while we get the high resolution global monitoring system in place • China land cover • Corinne (10yrs) • Land Cover – Annual Brazil, China • China land use every 5 years

17. Human Settlements and Population • Observations / Variables • Population Distribution inc. Density, Ambient/ Residential • Imp Surface Area (Sealing) - Ht and Density of Structures – Sprawl (leading to Earthquake.Risk L4) • Streets and Roads, Transportation Network • Physical Boundaries of Settlements • Admin Boundaries • Land use within Settlements - comm.. res, • Land Tenure • Derived L4 Products • Spatial Distribution of Econ Activity - GDP (L4) • Hazard Risk (flooding, fire, earthquake, landslide) • Spatial Distb of Emissions – related to Air Quality • Quality of Phys Env/Life (dist from roads, noise, air quality) ??? Regional Product???

18. Cross Cutting Issues • Long term archiving and retrieval – for monitoring change • Funding for re-analysis • Dynamic continuity of product (multi-source) • Product Validation • Standards and protocols • Validation data availability and sharing (coordination) • Balance between in-situ and satellite support • Harmonization of Classifications • Data Formats, Projections • Data Integration /Assimilation (Modeling) • Most data products are used in concert • Multidisciplinary / Expertise • Commercialization Issue • Env Data as public good vs. commercial opportunity • Cost / Benefit of the observations (the real market for the data) • Involving the commercial sector / competition / quality • Privatization of Environmental Data inc. satellite data • Capacity and Sustainable Infrastructure for data use, monitoring • National level and International Level • Socioeconomic data and Privacy

19. How to deal with sub themes • Soils • has been given low priority for a long time – some change e.g. in Europe • Not primarily a RS problem. RS can contribute e.g. • Topography, Land Cover • Land Degradation • SOTER is already a consensus activity • SOTER would welcome IGOL support • Funding - $500,000 would finish SOTER • Next step time series – global monitoring w. modest benchmarks in the beginning (1 degree) • More integrative – linking land use, socioecon and soils • National levels could be at more detail • The Time-series monitoring discussion could use an informal peer review when completed • Land Degradation (should be included in IGOL) • Has high priority in many circles (CCD requirements) – stakeholder community exists • GLADA is an approved project and is being initiated • RS role in vegetation productivity/yields and LCC, invasives and disturbances, topography • Question of water resources and land degradation (check water theme) • This area could be captured from FAO/UNEP documents

20. How to deal with sub themes • Biodiversity and Conservation Obs • First Step - Need to examine existing requirements which have developed a consensus • CBD COP • MEA • GEOSS • Needs further attention and additional expertise (see Janetos presentation) • IGOL can make a contribution • LC/LU, Spatial Fragmentation, Disturbance, Inv Sp.

21. Proto-Statement for GEOSS • Early Identification of Critical Gaps • Global high resolution wall to wall map, annual, multiyear, LC and LC • Ensured Data Continuity - operational Landsat Class w. equiv. LTAP • Missions or coordinated international acquisition prior to 2010 • Enhanced data access (cost issue) • Enhanced hyperspatial data availability (commercial systems) • Kyoto Goal - systematic global, . 5ha, 10m, 24hr revisit e.g. Rapideye – LULCF • NRT/RR/Alert/ Detection e.g. LCC/Disturbances/Crop condition (hrs) • Including fire. Floods, drought • Including early warning of crop pests and drought • (High Temporal, SAR Soil Moisture/Hyperspectral Condition and Pests) • Multi-stage Sampling of Global Land Use (inc. In-situ, RS Land Cover) • Global 30m DEM • Urban and Rural Settlement and Infrastructure Products • Enhanced, georeferenced, disaggregated (gridded) population data • Enhanced capacity to process, assemble, analyze observations from multiple sources (satellite and in-situ (inc.socioecon)) by • National RM agencies • International organizations • Development of improved Agricultural Monitoring • Seasonal/Annual - crop acreage, cropping type, types and distribution, crop growth condition and yield (combination of optical and microwave issue of SAR continuity)

22. Next Meeting and Team Organizationand Tentative Schedule • Develop Statement on enhancement needs – get consensus of drafts (Nov/Dec) – chair / secretariat • Include preamble on the benefits of IGOL • Look for match w. GEOSS strategy document • Pull together and summarize needs/requirements from existing programs requirements studies for biodiversity, soils, land degradation, food security, health, wetlands (Oct - Dec) – Secretariat • Circulate for review (Dec 04 ) – maybe include as Annex • Decide if additional ad-hoc sub theme meetings are needed (e.g.soils, biodiversity) • Develop outline of the IGOL Report (for CEOS SIT/IGOS-bis, mid-November UK ) – if doable – Chair/Secretariat • Circulate outline for review – teleconference – Late Oct / Early Nov • Purpose is to show the refined scope of IGOL – reaffirmation of commitments • Demonstrate we are on track and are following IGOS process • Writing assignments for Team Members to Draft Specific Sections (Nov- Feb) • Circulate drafts prior to next meeting • Next Meeting (March/April**– offers from USGS/NRSCC/ESA) – possible link with GOFC STB in China – should: • Review, Refine and Merge Early Draft sections • Start Writing Draft Final Report (April/May/June) • Discuss Self - Evaluation Criteria for IGOL • First Draft of IGOL Report to be completed by July ’05 • Document Submitted Dec 05 ** Some sentiment that this is too long between meetings

23. Action Items. • Summary Requirements from IGOL (1-2 page) from: • M. Ataman: poverty mapping • F. Nachtergaele: soils • H. George: Agro-Maps • M. Saket: FRA • Roberta to summarize her notes and report on meeting on IGOS/ICSU Socioecon Req. (Sept 20) • Extraction from project documents requirements for IGOL (including the requirement assessments done for GMES and DUE - Secretariat • Current capability of elevation data (global, gaps, data availability, etc. outside US) - Doug Muchoney • At GTOS SC explore potential relationship between in-situ networks and IGOL e.g. How could ILTER contribute to IGOL? - Latham • Check other IGOS theme documents for cross-cutting research/observations areas – Secretariat • Report from the First Meeting (Late Oct/Early November) • Secretariat (Reuben) to develop draft • Chris to review • Circulate to all for comment • CD of all presentations to JT – Chris • WEB SITE for IGOL – TBD • Need to resolve Developing Country participation in IGOL Team – Ashbindu/JT

24. Outline Meeting Report • Agenda • Attendees • Objectives of the Meeting • Summary of Discussion • Recommendations • Proposed Schedule • Actions • Annex. PPT presentations