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GIS in Prevention County Profile Series, No. 3

GIS in Prevention County Profile Series, No. 3 Barbara Seitz de Martinez, PhD, MLS, CPP Project Staff: Ritika Bhawal, MPH Solomon Briggs Kyoungsun Heo, MPA Srinivasa Konchada De Kalb County, Indiana Indiana Prevention Resource Center

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GIS in Prevention County Profile Series, No. 3

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  1. GIS in Prevention County Profile Series, No. 3 • Barbara Seitz de Martinez, PhD, MLS, CPP • Project Staff: Ritika Bhawal, MPH Solomon Briggs Kyoungsun Heo, MPA Srinivasa Konchada De Kalb County, Indiana Indiana Prevention Resource Center Opinions expressed herein are those of the authors, and not necessarily those of the Trustees of Indiana University or the Division of Mental Health and Addiction. Indiana University accepts full Responsibility for the content of this publication. ©2005 The Trustees of Indiana University. Permission is extended to reproduce this County Profile for non-profit educational purposes. All other rights reserved.

  2. 6.16 - 6.26 Archival Risk Factors • 6.16 Unemployment • 6.17 Free Lunch/Textbooks • 6.18 Food Stamp Recipients • 6.19 TANF • 6.20 Adults w/o HS Diploma • 6.21 Single Parent Family Households • Poverty: Introduction • 6.22 Total Poverty and by Age • 6.23 Families with Own Children in Poverty • 6.24 Poverty by Race • 6.25 Single Parent Families in Poverty • 6.26 Lack of Health Insurance Community Risk Factors: Extreme Economic & Social Deprivation

  3. 6.16 Unemployment Rates Extreme deprivation, either due lack of sufficient funds for basic necessities or due to lack of sufficient social support (e.g., parenting, mentoring and role modeling) has known detrimental implications for child development and creates a high risk environment for the community. This section will explore data related to various forms of extreme deprivation in the county. The archival indicators included by CSAP for this risk factor include unemployment, free and reduced school lunch, Aid to Families with Dependent Children, Food Stamp recipients, adults without a high school diploma, and single parent households. To these variables, PREV-STAT™ adds total poverty statistics, child poverty by age group, and single-parent families living in poverty, and lack of health insurance coverage. Unemployment rates from the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

  4. 6.17 Free/Reduced Lunch/Textbooks The following table shows the percent of students in grades K-12 who received free lunch and textbooks, according to the Department of Education, and also the change over the past 2 years, for this county and for the state.

  5. 6.18 Food Stamp Recipients CSAP calculates this as the average number of persons who receive food stamps each month, stated as the rate per 1,000 persons in the total population. This statistic for Indiana comes from Indiana Family and Social Services Administration, Family Resources Bureau as reported in the Indiana Youth Institute Kids Count in Indiana 2005. The rate calculation comes from the Indiana Prevention Resource Center. The following table shows the rate for 2004 for this county with comparisons for the state and nation.

  6. 6.19 Temporary Aid to Needy Families (TANF) CSAP calculates this indicator as the rate of persons of all ages who participate in the Aid to Families with Dependent Children (TANF in Indiana), stating the rate as the number per 1,000 persons. This table shows the average monthly average statistics for families and for recipients from the county and for Indiana as reported by the Indiana Family and Social Services Administration, Division of Family and Children. PREV-STAT™ has calculated the rate of TANF recipients per month per 1000 residents of the county.

  7. 6.20 Adults w/out a High School Diploma Lack of education places a person at extreme disadvantage in many areas of life, including health and income potential. CSAP calculates this risk factor as the percent of persons aged 25 and older who have reached 9th-12th grades but without obtaining a high school diploma. The following table presents 3 statistics for persons over 25 in the county: the percent who have not completed 9th grade; the percent who attended high school but did not graduate; and the percent whose educational attainment is less than a high school diploma (the sum of the first 2 statistics), compared with the state and the nation. This information points to need and also is important to prevention planning for marketing and for activities involving parents and other adults.

  8. Map: Education Less Than 9th Grade Indiana Prevention Resource Center AGS, Core Demographics, 2004 est., 2005

  9. Map: Education Less Than 9th Grade Indiana Prevention Resource Center AGS, Core Demographics, 2004 est., 2005

  10. Map: Education Less Than 9th Grade AGS, Core Demographics, 2004 est., 2005 Indiana Prevention Resource Center

  11. Map: Education: Less Than HS Diploma Indiana Prevention Resource Center AGS, Core Demographics, 2004 est., 2005

  12. Map: Education: Less Than HS Diploma Indiana Prevention Resource Center AGS, Core Demographics, 2004 est., 2005

  13. Map: Education: Less Than HS Diploma AGS, Core Demographics, 2004 est., 2005 Indiana Prevention Resource Center

  14. 6.21 Single Parent Family Households CSAP calculates this risk factor as the percent of family households with a spouse absent. The following table reports the percent of households with children where one parent is absent. In addition to the above risk factors listed by CSAP, PREV-STAT™ includes additional basic demographic statistics on total poverty, child poverty and poverty by age group, single parent families living in poverty, lack of health insurance, and households with no vehicle.

  15. Map:Single Parent Families Indiana Prevention Resource Center AGS, Core Demographics, 2004 est., 2005

  16. Map:Single Parent Families (contour) Indiana Prevention Resource Center AGS, Core Demographics, 2004 est., 2005

  17. Map:Single Parent Families (prism) AGS, Core Demographics, 2004 est., 2005 Indiana Prevention Resource Center

  18. Map:Single Moms with Children under 18 Indiana Prevention Resource Center AGS, Core Demographics, 2004 est., 2005

  19. Map:Single Moms (contour) Indiana Prevention Resource Center AGS, Core Demographics, 2004 est., 2005

  20. Map: Single Moms (prism) AGS, Core Demographics, 2004 est., 2005 Indiana Prevention Resource Center

  21. 6. 22 Community Risk Factor -- Poverty Poverty can be calculated based on the total population or subsets of the population. It can be expressed as a count of persons or as a percent of persons. The poverty statistics presented in this report come from the 2000 U.S. Census, SF3 figures published in 2003. Looking at the total population of persons living in a place, the poverty rate can be expressed as the number or count of persons living in poverty or as the percent of the total population in poverty. For example, in Indiana, as of the 2000 census, there were 559,484 persons living in poverty or 9% percent of the total population. This means that 9 of every 100 persons living in Indiana lived in poverty. By age, 2 of every 100 Indiana children ages 6-17 in the year 2000 lived in poverty, hence 2%. Looking at the population of persons who live in poverty (that 9% of the total population), it can be very useful to understand what their ages are. If we consider all persons living in poverty in Indiana as a group, we learn from the 2000 Census that of that group 11% were between the ages of 0 and 4 years, 2% were 5 years old, 11% were 6-11, and 9% were 12-17 years old. This description of poverty risk factors will report on total poverty and poverty by age group, on poverty and child poverty as percent of all persons living in poverty, poverty by race, and on single parent families in poverty.

  22. 6.22a Total Poverty and Poverty by Age The following table shows total poverty and poverty by age of the total population of the county with comparisons to the state of Indiana and the nation.

  23. 6.22b Total Poverty and Poverty by Age The following table shows child poverty for children ages 0-17 as number (of children in poverty) and percent (of children in poverty) for this county.

  24. 6.22c Total Poverty and Poverty by Age The following table shows child poverty for children ages 5-17 as number (of children in poverty) and percent (of children in poverty) for this county.

  25. 6.23 Families w/ Own Children in Poverty The following table of 2004 estimates presents various statistics concerning families with own children that live in poverty: percent of families with own children that live in poverty, percent of married couple families, percent of single fathers, percent of single mothers, and percent of single parents for this county and for the state.

  26. 6.23 Families w/ Own Children in Poverty The following table of 2004 estimates presents various statistics concerning families with own children that live in poverty: percent of families with own children that live in poverty, percent of married couple families, percent of single fathers, percent of single mothers, and percent of single parents for this county and for the state.

  27. Map: Families with Children in Poverty No. of Families w/ Children under 18 as Percent of All Families with Children under 18 Indiana Prevention Resource Center Claritas, Core Demographics, 2004 est., 2005

  28. 6.24 Poverty by Race In the effort to understand the dynamics a community, its needs and how best to design and carry-out prevention programs to meet those needs, it is helpful to analyze data by many different variables. Poverty is an example of how this principle applies. Rates of poverty differ not only between age groups but also in conjunction with other variables, such as race/ethnicity and marital and parenting status. PREV-STAT™ can help the prevention professional look at such combinations of variables to identify an area of need or to better understand a target audience. First we report on poverty and race, secondly on marital status, parent status and poverty (single parents in poverty).

  29. 6.25Single Parent Families w/ Children in Poverty The following table shows the various types of households with children under 18 living in poverty with comparisons to the state and the nation.

  30. 6.25Single Parent Families w/ Children in Poverty The following table shows the various types of households with children under 18 living in poverty with comparisons to the state and the nation.

  31. Map: Single Moms w/ Children under 18 in Poverty (20) (11) (20) (21) (20) Indiana Prevention Resource Center Claritas, Core Demographics, 2004 est., 2005

  32. Map: Single Parents Below Poverty No. of Single Parents w/ Children under 18 as Percent of All Single Parents with Children under 18 Indiana Prevention Resource Center Claritas, Core Demographics, 2004 est., 2005

  33. 6.26 Lack of Health Insurance We consider lack of health insurance to be a form of extreme deprivation. Research has shown that two of the strongest indicators of self-reported health status and routine preventative care are having a consistent source of medical care and having health insurance. Where either is absent there is a higher risk of health problems and particularly of not receiving preventative care. Lack of health insurance is often associated with lack of employment or underemployment, poverty, being in transition, and/or undocumented immigrant status. The following table shows rates of health insurance coverage for this county, compared with Indiana and the nation.

  34. 6.26b Source of Health Insurance The source of health insurance provides insight into the circumstances of the individual. A county where more people are receiving Medicaid or Medicare are more subject to the impact of legislation that would affect those programs. A county where more people are receiving insurance from a union may be impacted by factory closures and outsourcing of jobs. Insurance from jobs is a sign of employment status. The following table shows the sources of health insurance for this county, compared with Indiana and the nation.

  35. Map: No Health Insurance Indiana Prevention Resource Center AGS, Consumer Behavior, Insurance 2004 est., 2005

  36. Map: Health Insurance from Union or Work Indiana Prevention Resource Center AGS, Consumer Behavior, Insurance 2004 est., 2005

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