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Aristotle

Aristotle . Archeological remains of Lyceum . Aristotle’s Four Causes. Material cause : the matter our of which it is made. E.g., the material cause of a house is bricks, wood, steel etc. (Rain: water) The materialists were exclusively concerned with this cause.

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Aristotle

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  1. Aristotle

  2. Archeological remains of Lyceum

  3. Aristotle’s Four Causes • Material cause: the matter our of which it is made. E.g., the material cause of a house is bricks, wood, steel etc. (Rain: water) The materialists were exclusively concerned with this cause. • Efficient cause: who made it? the agency behind an object. The efficient cause of a house is the builder, the bricklayer. (Rain: the cooling of the moisture/condensation. (Empedocles and Anaxagoras) • Formal cause: the structure or design, the form. e.g., the formal cause of a house is the architecture (rain: the form or the nature of water is to fall down) Pythagoreans and Plato only with Formal • The final cause: what goal, end or purpose does it serve? The final cause – the purpose -- of a house is to provide shelter. (rain: so that plants can grow; whereas we will say that plants grow because they find moisture, )

  4. Teleology • A teleological explanation is that which answers the question WHY • It is an explanation given in terms of a goal, a purpose or a function to be fulfilled.

  5. Winnie the Pooh – Aristotelian

  6. Aristotle’s Four Elements

  7. Aristotle’s model of the Universe

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