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Implications of the climate change debate on land tenure in the Amazon

Implications of the climate change debate on land tenure in the Amazon. Paulo Barreto Senior Researcher at Imazon. Climate change. Adaptation. Mitigation. Avoided deforestaton. Reforestation Aforestation. Biofuel. Conventional. 2nd generation. Increased environmental enforcement.

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Implications of the climate change debate on land tenure in the Amazon

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  1. Implications of the climate change debate on land tenure in the Amazon Paulo Barreto Senior Researcher at Imazon

  2. Climate change Adaptation Mitigation Avoided deforestaton Reforestation Aforestation Biofuel Conventional 2nd generation Increased environmental enforcement Increased agricultural land price Non-agricultural land Reclamation of public lands Increased land use productivity Creation of protected areas Displacement of cattle ranching Increased deforestaion in old ocupations Payment environmental services Increased deforestation in new occupations

  3. Total size: 5.2 million Km2 Original forest: 4.1 million Km2 ~17% deforested ~ 23 million people 45% poor The Brazilian Amazon Deforestation data: Inpe, 2007

  4. Messy land tenure situation in the Amazon • Lack of unified land cadastre • Overlap between public and private lands • Huge amount of informal possessions • Million of hectares illegally documented

  5. Who owns the Amazon? Rough estimates of land tenure status (million hectares and %)

  6. Unclear status of private holdings in the Amazon “Private land” tenure status in 2003 (million hectares and %) Source: National Institute of Agrarian Reform and Colonization (Incra)

  7. Unclear future of mitigation------------------------------------ Adoption of biofuels How much? How fast? ---------------------------------------- Development of 2nd generation biofuels? Oil prices? Impacts on the environment and food price?

  8. Projected area to be allocated to biofuels:32 million hectares worldwide by 2030111 million or more hectares in Brazil2 1 Fraiture, C., Giordano, M. & Yongsong, L. Biofuels and implications for agricultural water use: blue impacts of green energy. International Water Management Institute. Colombo, Sri Lanka. 2 Assis, V; Elstrodt, H. & Silva. C. F.C. 2007. Positioning Brazil for biofuels success. The McKinsey Quarterly. McKinsey & Company.

  9. Agricultural price increase due to the adoption of biofuels % increase by 2020 compared to 2005 Source of data: Msangi, S. et al. 2007. Global Scenarios for Biofuels: Impacts and Implications. International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI).

  10. Biofuels would escalate the displacement of cattle ranching to the Amazon Biofuel Sugarcane in old pastsures outside Amazon Corn and soybeans in old pastsures inside and outside Amazon Displacement of cattle ranching to the Amazon

  11. Growth of cattle herd in the Amazon Cattle heads in the Amazon and remainder of Brazil Amazon´s share of the Brazilian cattle herd

  12. Hectares of sugarcane 1990-2006 Brazil´s ethanol exports 2001-2006 Growth of sugarcane plantation in Brazil

  13. Decrease of cattle herd in São Paulo State – the main sugarcane producer Million cattle head in São Paulo – 1990-2006

  14. Growth of soybean plantations in Brazil and in the Amazon

  15. Cattle ranching growth associated with deforestation in the Amazon

  16. Growth of pastureland price in central Pará State Source of data: Anualpec 2002, 2004 and 2007.

  17. Growth of agricultural establishments in the AmazonMostly occupation of public lands Source of data: IBGE – Brazilian Institute for Geography and Statistics

  18. Case: growth of cattle herd and landholdings in Novo Progresso Number and area of landholdings Cattle heads

  19. Occupations to force land reform Number of families involved in occupations 1997- 2004 Source of data: Comissão Pastoral da Terra (Catholic Church Land Commission)

  20. Examples of measures to deal with occupations and conflicts Growth of land reform settlements Creation of protected areas

  21. But…. • ~ 40 million hectares continues as informal possessions • Unfinished review of documentation of 76 million hectares of rural properties • Delay for creating unified land cadastre

  22. Conclusions • Climate change pressure may escalate occupation pressure • Georeferenced cadastre necessary to monitor avoided deforestation • The Brazilian government is ill equipped • Significant investment necessary

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