Implications of Climate Change on Beet Sugar Manufacturing

1. Implications of Climate Change on Beet Sugar Manufacturing

2. Climate Change • Global Warming is Occurring • Greenhouse Gasses are increasing • Correlation is there • Convincing evidence for causal relationship • Implications are uncertain • Governments are acting

3. Greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere will increase during the next century unless greenhouse gas emissions decrease substantially from present levels. Increased greenhouse gas concentrations are likely to raise the Earth's average temperature, influence precipitation and some storm patterns as well as raise sea levels. The magnitude of these changes, however, is uncertain. Greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere will increase during the next century unless greenhouse gas emissions decrease substantially from present levels. Increased greenhouse gas concentrations are likely to raise the Earth's average temperature, influence precipitation and some storm patterns as well as raise sea levels. The magnitude of these changes, however, is uncertain. Greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere will increase during the next century unless greenhouse gas emissions decrease substantially from present levels. Increased greenhouse gas concentrations are likely to raise the Earth's average temperature, influence precipitation and some storm patterns as well as raise sea levels. The magnitude of these changes, however, is uncertain. Greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere will increase during the next century unless greenhouse gas emissions decrease substantially from present levels. Increased greenhouse gas concentrations are likely to raise the Earth's average temperature, influence precipitation and some storm patterns as well as raise sea levels. The magnitude of these changes, however, is uncertain. Greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere will increase during the next century unless greenhouse gas emissions decrease substantially from present levels. Increased greenhouse gas concentrations are likely to raise the Earth's average temperature, influence precipitation and some storm patterns as well as raise sea levels. The magnitude of these changes, however, is uncertain.

4. Temperature

5. Implications of Warming • Longer Growing Season • Longer cool spring and fall • Larger beets • More Tons • Hotter Summers • More water • More nutrients • Warmer Winters • Poor beet storage • Possible Actions • Decrease Acres • Increase Daily Slice • Increase Juice Storage • More protection for stored beets

6. Precipitation

7. Implications for Extremes in Annual Precipitation • Dry Years • Small crops • Expensive water • Stressed beets • Wet Years • Small crops • Muddy beets • Stressed beets • Possible actions • Reduce Labor Force • Dirt and mud equipment

8. Greenhouse Gasses • Carbon Dioxide • Methane • Nitrous Oxide • Fluorinated Gasses • Water

9. Wickipedia

10. Energy Information Agency USDOE

11. EPA Endangerment Finding 12/7/2009 • The Administrator finds that the current and projected concentrations of the six key well-mixed greenhouse gases--carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), perfluorocarbons (PFCs), and sulfur hexafluoride (SF6)--in the atmosphere threaten the public health and welfare of current and future generations.

12. GHG Reporting Requirements • September 22, 2009 • Who Must Report • Suppliers of fossil fuels or industrial greenhouse gasses • Manufactures of vehicles and engines • Facilities that emit 25,000 metric tons or more of GHG

13. GHG Tailoring Rule • Issued May 13, 2010 • Establishes thresholds for GHG for • New Source Review (NSR) Permits • Title V Permits • Covers 70% of GHG emissions from stationary sources

14. Minnesota Thu Feb 22, 10:55 AM ET ST. PAUL, Minn. - Minnesota has a new law that will require utilities to use wind, sun and cleaner-burning fuels to produce a quarter of the state's electricity by 2025, a standard that advocates called among the most aggressive in the country.

15. Possible Financial Assistance • DOE and USDA Award $17 Million via Joint Biomass Research and Development Initiative

16. Greenhouse Gas Taxes? • Boulder Voters Approve Greenhouse-Gas Tax Nov 9, 2006 8:37 am US/Mountain • (AP)BOULDER, Colo. Voters in Boulder have overwhelmingly approved a "climate tax" on businesses and residents as part of a plan to lower the city's greenhouse-gas emissions by about 25 percent.The tax, based on energy consumption, passed with a 59 percent majority.

17. Greenhouse Gasses from Beet Sugar Manufacturing • CO2 from fuels • Coal • Natural Gas • Coke • Gasoline • Diesel Fuel • Propane • Methane from wastes • CFC’s from cooling

18. Plant Energy Efficiency • Technology • Steam pulp dryer • High pressure Boilers • Cogeneration • Automation • Reduce steam use • Insulation • Steam balance • Minimize water additions • Utilize waste heat • Minimize Waste Production • Wastes as products

19. Historical CO2 Emissions from Minn-Dak

20. Historical CO2 Emissions from Minn-Dak

21. Opportunities for Energy Reduction in Sugarbeet Production Harvest and Storage • Crop Improvements • Genetic Engineering • Sugar Content • Higher Yields • Technology • Dirt removal • Chip recovery • Beet storage management • Minimize hauling • Larger payloads • Piler location

22. Other Opportunities for Greenhouse Gas Reduction • Biomass for fuel • Wastes as products • Beet top utilization • Ethanol from pulp, molasses or wastes

23. Summary • Beet sugar industry has opportunities to keep in step with climate-change reduction efforts • Efficiency is a big part • Much research, development and investment is required