Phylogeographic relationships of Cottus bairdii

1. Phylogeographic relationships of Cottusbairdii Sun Yeong Oh1, Peter Unmack, Dennis K. Shiozawa1, R. Paul Evans2 , Nina Laitinen1 1 Department of Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602 2 Department of Micro and Molecular Biology Brigham Young University 84602

3. Background • Mottled sculpin • Freshwater sculpin • Family cottidae • Found widely and unevenly throughout North America • Widespread from Tennessee River, Missouri River, Columbia river and Great Basin • Combination of bars, spots, and speckles randomly distributed • Maximum length is 15 cm • Favored habitat is well-oxygenated and clear water

4. Question • Where did the Butterfield Springs population originate?

5. Cottus bairdii Sampling places in the western U.S.

6. 2007 Conclusion • Butterfield cottids are not clearly related to the Colorado River Cottusbairdii • Instead they are more likely derived from the Bonneville Basin • The closest haplotype occurs in Mammoth Creek

7. Columbia River Basin Upper Missouri River Basin Lahontan Basin Upper Colorado River Basin Bonneville Basin Butterfield

8. 2007 Conclusion • Butterfield cottids are not clearly related to the Colorado River Cottusbairdii • Instead they are more likely derived from the Bonneville Basin • The closest haplotype occurs in Mammoth Creek

9. Columbia River Basin Upper Missouri River Basin Lahontan Basin Upper Colorado River Basin Bonneville Basin Butterfield

10. 2007 Conclusion • Butterfield cottids are not clearly related to the Colorado River Cottusbairdii • Instead they are more likely derived from the Bonneville Basin • The closest haplotype occurs in Mammoth Creek

11. Columbia River Basin Upper Missouri River Basin Lahontan Basin Upper Colorado River Basin Bonneville Basin Butterfield Mammoth River

12. 2007 Conclusion • Butterfield Springs Cottids are native. • They appear to have originated from a stream capture between the Virgin River and Bonneville Basin. A potential route is via the East Fork of the Virgin River. • The sequence divergence between the Butterfield Springs population and the Bonneville Basin populations makes the Butterfield Springs population very unique

13. Cottusbairdii are native to Butterfield spring. • They are not transplanted by man

14. 2007 Conclusion • Butterfield Springs Cottids are native. • They appear to have originated from a stream capture between the Virgin River and Bonneville Basin. A potential route is via the East Fork of the Virgin River. • The sequence divergence between the Butterfield Springs population and the Bonneville Basin populations makes the Butterfield Springs population very unique

15. Sevier River White River Virgin River

16. Sevier River East Fork Virgin River

17. 2007 Conclusion • Butterfield Springs Cottids are native. • They appear to have originated from a stream capture between the Virgin River and Bonneville Basin. A potential route is via the East Fork of the Virgin River. • The sequence divergence between the Butterfield Springs population and the Bonneville Basin populations makes the Butterfield Springs population very unique

18. Project 2011

19. Columbia River Basin Upper Missouri River Basin Lahontan Basin Upper Colorado River Basin Bonneville Basin Butterfield Mammoth River

20. Columbia River Basin Upper Missouri River Basin Lahontan Basin Upper Colorado River Basin Bonneville Basin Butterfield Mammoth River

21. Abstract (2011) • The mottled sculpin (Cottusbairdii) is widely distributed throughout  North America.  By studying the phylogeography of these species, we can associate major geologic changes with the divergence of different lineages. The population of C. bairdii living the furthest downstream  in the Colorado River Basin, occurs in Butterfield Springs of the White River drainage basin of Nevada.  We have examined the ND4 mitochondrial gene to identify the source of origin for this population – whether it originated from populations in the Colorado River or from those in the Bonneville Basin.  Our preliminary analysis indicates that the sculpin from Mammoth Creek, in the Bonneville Basin, are most closely related to those from Butterfield Springs, but that both the Mammoth and Butterfield populations fall within the Colorado River clade.  This then may reflect either a more ancient association between the Bonneville Basin and the Colorado River Basin, or a secondary invasion from the Colorado River into the Bonneville Basin.

22. Columbia River Basin Upper Missouri River Basin Lahontan Basin Upper Colorado River Basin Bonneville Basin Butterfield Mammoth River

23. Sevier River White River Virgin River

24. Abstract • The mottled sculpin (Cottusbairdii) is widely distributed throughout  North America.  By studying the phylogeography of these species, we can associate major geologic changes with the divergence of different lineages.The population of C. bairdii living the furthest downstream  in the Colorado River Basin, occurs in Butterfield Springs of the White River drainage basin of Nevada.  We have examined the ND4 mitochondrial gene to identify the source of origin for this population – whether it originated from populations in the Colorado River or from those in the Bonneville Basin.  Our preliminary analysis indicates that the sculpin from Mammoth Creek, in the Bonneville Basin, are most closely related to those from Butterfield Springs, but that both the Mammoth and Butterfield populations fall within the Colorado River clade.  This then may reflect either a more ancient association between the Bonneville Basin and the Colorado River Basin, or a secondary invasion from the Colorado River into the Bonneville Basin.

25. Columbia River Basin Upper Missouri River Basin Lahontan Basin Upper Colorado River Basin Bonneville Basin Butterfield Mammoth River

26. Butterfield Mammoth

27. Abstract • The mottled sculpin (Cottusbairdii) is widely distributed throughout  North America.  By studying the phylogeography of these species, we can associate major geologic changes with the divergence of different lineages.The population of C. bairdii living the furthest downstream  in the Colorado River Basin, occurs in Butterfield Springs of the White River drainage basin of Nevada.  We have examined the ND4 mitochondrial gene to identify the source of origin for this population – whether it originated from populations in the Colorado River or from those in the Bonneville Basin.  Our preliminary analysis indicates that the sculpin from Mammoth Creek, in the Bonneville Basin, are most closely related to those from Butterfield Springs, but that both the Mammoth and Butterfield populations fall within the Colorado River clade.  This then may reflect either a more ancient association between the Bonneville Basin and the Colorado River Basin, or a secondary invasion from the Colorado River into the Bonneville Basin.

28. Butterfield Mammoth

29. Abstract • The mottled sculpin (Cottusbairdii) is widely distributed throughout  North America.  By studying the phylogeography of these species, we can associate major geologic changes with the divergence of different lineages.The population of C. bairdii living the furthest downstream  in the Colorado River Basin, occurs in Butterfield Springs of the White River drainage basin of Nevada.  We have examined the ND4 mitochondrial gene to identify the source of origin for this population – whether it originated from populations in the Colorado River or from those in the Bonneville Basin.  Our preliminary analysis indicates that the sculpin from Mammoth Creek, in the Bonneville Basin, are most closely related to those from Butterfield Springs, but that both the Mammoth and Butterfield populations fall within the Colorado River clade.  This then may reflect either a more ancient association between the Bonneville Basin and the Colorado River Basin, or a secondary invasion from the Colorado River into the Bonneville Basin.

30. Columbia River Basin Upper Missouri River Basin Lahontan Basin Upper Colorado River Basin Bonneville Basin Butterfield Mammoth River

31. Abstract • The mottled sculpin (Cottusbairdii) is widely distributed throughout  North America.  By studying the phylogeography of these species, we can associate major geologic changes with the divergence of different lineages.The population of C. bairdii living the furthest downstream  in the Colorado River Basin, occurs in Butterfield Springs of the White River drainage basin of Nevada.  We have examined the ND4 mitochondrial gene to identify the source of origin for this population – whether it originated from populations in the Colorado River or from those in the Bonneville Basin.  Our preliminary analysis indicates that the sculpin from Mammoth Creek, in the Bonneville Basin, are most closely related to those from Butterfield Springs, but that both the Mammoth and Butterfield populations fall within the Colorado River clade.  This then may reflect either a more ancient association between the Bonneville Basin and the Colorado River Basin, or a secondary invasion from the Colorado River into the Bonneville Basin.

32. Columbia River Basin Upper Missouri River Basin Lahontan Basin Upper Colorado River Basin Bonneville Basin Butterfield Mammoth River

33. More Recent Tree (Maximum Likelihood)

38. Continuation and Plan • Get more DNA sequences from Tuponce Creek, Upper Snake, Portnuef River and etc. • Use Cytochrome B and ATPase 6 and 8