Objectives: I CAN…

1. Objectives:I CAN… □Sequence the events of the cell cycle □Relate the function of a cell to its organization into tissues, organs, and organ systems

2. Essential Question: • Why do cells need to divide?

3. RECALL……… WHAT ARE THE THREE PARTS OF THE CELL THEORY??? ALL CELLS COME FROM PREEXISTING CELLS

4. Examples of Cell Division– cells on the bottom of feet and back of hands

5. Examples of Cell Division– cuts and bruises healing

6. Examples of Cell Division– ivy vine growing

7. What happens to cells if they become too big? What process do cells have to limit their growth? • A cell’s size can slow the rate of diffusion • A cell’s volume increases too fast for the surface area • There is not enough DNA to support the protein needs of the cell • Cell’s divide to limit their growth

8. During cell division _________________ cells are produced from ______________ cell. The _________ cells are ________________ to the orginal cell. new one two identical

9. What appears in the nucleus before the cells divide? What are they made of? • Several short, stringy structure appear • Structures are called chromosomes made of DNA

10. What do chromosomes do? • Contain DNA. • Carries of genetic material • Copied and passed from generation to generation

11. THE CELL CYCLE INTERPHASE MITOSIS • Follows interphase • Process of nuclear division • 2 daughter cells form • Daughter cells identical to parent cell • Cell grows in size • Carries on metabolism • Duplicates chromosomes • Prepares for division

13. 1. PROPHASE 2. METAPHASE 4. TELOPHASE 3. ANAPHASE

15. Take Notes! Topic: Cell Reproduction • New cells are produced from one cell • Results in two identical cells CELL DIVISION

16. Take Notes! Topic: Cell Reproduction • Contain DNA, the genetic material • Accurate transmission of chromosomes during cell division is critical. CHROMOSOMES 4th

17. STRUCTURE OF EUKARYOTIC CHROMOSOMES Supercoil within chromosome Chromosome Continued coiling within supercoil Histone H1 DNA

18. THE CELL CYCLE • The cell cycle is the sequence of growth and division of a cell.

19. Take Notes! Topic: Cell Reproduction CELL CYCLE • Sequence of growth and division in the cell • Has three phases: Interphase, mitosis, and cytokinesis.

20. THE CELL CYCLE • The majority of a cell’s life is spent in the growth period known as interphase. Interphase

21. INTERPHASE • Interphase, the busiest phase of the cell cycle, is divided into three parts. DNA synthesis and replication Rapid growth and metabolic activity Centrioles replicate; cell prepares for division \

22. INTERPHASE Part 1: cell grows and proteins are produced Rapid growth and metabolic activity

23. INTERPHASE Part 2: cell copies its chromosomes DNA synthesis and replication

24. INTERPHASE Part 3: cell enters another shorter growth period mitochondria and other organelles are manufactured and cell parts needed for cell division are assembled. Centrioles replicate; cell prepares for division

25. Take Notes! Topic: Cell Reproduction • Cell growth phase • Cell: • increases in size • carries on metabolism • duplicates chromosomes prior to division INTERPHASE

26. THE CELL CYCLE Following interphase, a cell enters its period of nuclear division called mitosis. Mitosis

27. Day 2

28. Objectives:I CAN… □Sequence the events of the cell cycle □Relate the function of a cell to its organization into tissues, organs, and organ systems

29. Mitosis If these cells are part of the same plant, why do they all look a little different?

30. If the amazing process shown here did NOT happen, we wouldn’t be alive! Goal: When I show this slide at the end of the day, you should be able to tell me the name of this phase of mitosis! If you all can do it—we’ll have a raffle! Mitosis

33. A chromosome is made of chromatin… which is made of DNA! Nucleotides are the building blocks of DNA Phosphate Sugar Base

34. How is a chromosome formed?

35. nucleus Chromatin chromosome Cell cycle

36. Chromosome Chromatin

37. Chromosomes duplicate!

38. 23 How many pairs of chromosomes do humans have? 46 How many total chromosomes do humans have?

40. nucleus Chromatin chromosome Cell cycle 23 46

41. Chromosome numbers Each type of eukaryote has a characteristic number of chromosomes in the nucleus of each cell. Examples: Humans- 46 Dog- 78 Potato plant- 48 Cat- 38 Housefly- 12 Fungus- 8

42. nucleus Chromatin chromosome Cell cycle 23 46 growth division interphase 20

43. THE PHASES OF MITOSIS 8th

44. PHASES OF MITOSIS: PROPHASE Section 8.2 Summary – pages 201 - 210 • During prophase, the chromatin coils to form visible chromosomes. Spindle fibers Disappearing nuclear envelope Doubled chromosome

45. PHASES OF MITOSIS: PROPHASE Section 8.2 Summary – pages 201 - 210 • The two halves of the doubled structure are called sister chromatids. Sister chromatids

46. PHASES OF MITOSIS: PROPHASE Section 8.2 Summary – pages 201 - 210 • Sister chromatids are held together by a structure called a centromere, which plays a role in chromosome movement during mitosis. Centromere

48. PHASES OF MITOSIS: METAPHASE Section 8.2 Summary – pages 201 - 210 • During metaphase, the chromosomes move to the equator of the spindle. Centromere Sister chromatids

50. PHASES OF MITOSIS: ANAPHASE Section 8.2 Summary – pages 201 - 210 • During anaphase, the centromeres split and the sister chromatids are pulled apart to opposite poles of the cell.